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Security in computer science is a huge point every individual and company. Communications (either between humans or human-network or whichever online communication) are susceptible to be sniffed or manipulated. For example, using http instead of https is insecure (sometimes even tagged by your browser as untrustful) as information that goes through it is not encrypted and someone is able to impersonate your accounts with the collected data. This is why https everywhere and privacy badger are recommended for secure browsing. But when we say "encrypt", what are we referring to? Back in the days when computers weren't a thing, cryptography already existed. Maths has always been there to protect our communications. Sometimes it was a letter, sometimes it was a note or a messenger, but there were tons of witty ways of hiding messages. For example, the "monoalphabetic substitution system" is a bijective application e: A -> A Being A an alphabet an A* the chain aggregation over A with arbitrary length: e: A* -> A*, [e(X0 X1 ...) = e(X0) e(X1)...] An example of this is the Cesar cipher. This consist on cyclic displacement to the right, mathematically (with displacement = +3): e: Z23 -> Z23, [e(x) = x+3 (mod 23)] Note it's Z23 because Roman alphabet length = 23. Unfortunately this method (that you might have used as a kid to pass notes) has a huge security hole: letters Periodicity Analysis. Let me explain myself. Every language has an already study that shows the periodicity a letter appears in such language. Even if the letters are mixed, if we take this numbers (in English, for example, most used letters are E or T) we can guess the message. There's a similar cipher version called "Polyalphabetic substitution system". This system uses a keyword to cipher all the message. (It's like repeating monoalphabetic many times). Let me show you an example: our keyword is TUX and our message is HELP ME OBI WAN KENOBI We have our alphabet tagged with numbers, like this: A B C ... X Y Z 1 2 3 ... 23 24 25 So TUX is equal to 19,20,23 And HELP ME OBI WAN KENOBI is equal to 7,4,11,15,12,4,14,1,8,22,0,13,10,4,13,14,1,8 Now we set the numbers in TUX in the message, like this: H E L P M E O B I W A N K E N O B I T U X T U X T U X T U X T U X T U X 19 20 23 19 20 23 19 20 23 19 20 23 19 20 23 19 20 23 And now we add the value setted to the original value (in mod 25). H E ... B I 7 + 19 4 + 20 ... 1 + 20 8 + 23 A Y ... V F And so HELPMEOBIWANKENOBI = AYIIGBHVFPUKDYKHVF This system is a little bit more complex but also vulnerable to periodicity analysis if we know the keyword length. We also have Hill cipher, which consist in matrix cipher. For example, we can cipher the word MATH, using the key matrix = ([32],[15]) M,A = ([12],[0]) in the alphabet T,H = ([10],[7]) ([32],[15])([12],[0]) = ([0],[12]) ([32],[15])([10],[7]) = ([71],[54]) = ([35][18]) **in mod 36 (alphanumeric)** So MATH = AM95 This system is way more secure than the others. There's also the so called transposition systems in which consist in changing the letters order (the periodicity analysis also fails here). For example: This lasts were very used in the WW2, alongside One-time-pad and notebooks ciphers. In general, there are certain rules a cryptosystem must follow. For example, the secret must be hidden with the algorithm and the power of this algorithm is in it's form, not the way the algorithm is hidden to the public. (This is the main problem some users have with privative cryptography). Most of the mathematical rules can be found in Communication theory of secrecy systems , a study by C.E. Shannon about the matter. Current ciphering works in bits, not letters, and latests cryptography studies are developing quantum cryptography, for the upcoming of quantum computers. This could mean a complete chaos for regular computer cryptography, and we shall be on guard! On the mean time we can keep writing love notes and letter in basic cryptography. It is said that it worked with Don Juan , who made a woman fall in love with him after he deciphers a message she cipher with Vigenere. Sursa: https://dev.to/terceranexus6/fun-with-secrets-2p3

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Generează toate id urile posibile pana unde le ai intr un sitemap, trebui doar un While si un fopen. Dacă ai nevoie te pot ajuta. Crawlere de la google nu v or încerca toate id urile dar v a prelua toate site urile dintr un sitemap cum a spus si Dragoș. imi cer scuze dacă am facut vreo greșeala gramaticală. Nu pot scrie pe tastatura de la telefon foarte bine.

Google nu iti ghiceste pana la ce ID merg paginile, ci, cand incepe sa mearga prin crawler din pagina in pagina, incepand cu indexul, dupa care, dupa ce considera ca a terminat cu toate paginile, merge la urmatorul site. Poti afisa pe o pagina toate linkurile din site ca sa-i fie mai usor sa ti le indexeze (imi scapa numele la tipul acesta de pagina). EDIT: Se numeste sitemap https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_map

There is no pre-established order of items in each category, the order is for contribution. If you want to contribute, please read the guide. Table of Contents Windows stack overflows Windows heap overflows Kernel based Windows overflows Windows Kernel Memory Corruption Return Oriented Programming Windows memory protections Bypassing filter and protections Typical windows exploits Exploit development tutorial series Corelan Team Fuzzysecurity Securitysift Whitehatters Academy TheSprawl Expdev-Kiuhnm Tools Windows stack overflows Stack Base Overflow Articles. Win32 Buffer Overflows (Location, Exploitation and Prevention) - by Dark spyrit [1999] Writing Stack Based Overflows on Windows - by Nish Bhalla’s [2005] Stack Smashing as of Today - by Hagen Fritsch [2009] SMASHING C++ VPTRS - by rix [2000] Windows heap overflows Heap Base Overflow Articles. Third Generation Exploitation smashing heap on 2k - by Halvar Flake [2002] Exploiting the MSRPC Heap Overflow Part 1 - by Dave Aitel (MS03-026) [September 2003] Exploiting the MSRPC Heap Overflow Part 2 - by Dave Aitel (MS03-026) [September 2003] Windows heap overflow penetration in black hat - by David Litchfield [2004] Glibc Adventures: The Forgotten Chunk - by François Goichon [2015] Pseudomonarchia jemallocum - by argp & huku The House Of Lore: Reloaded - by blackngel [2010] Malloc Des-Maleficarum - by blackngel [2009] free() exploitation technique - by huku Understanding the heap by breaking it - by Justin N. Ferguson [2007] The use of set_head to defeat the wilderness - by g463 The Malloc Maleficarum - by Phantasmal Phantasmagoria [2005] Exploiting The Wilderness - by Phantasmal Phantasmagoria [2004] Advanced Doug lea's malloc exploits - by jp Kernel based Windows overflows Kernel Base Exploit Development Articles. How to attack kernel based vulns on windows was done - by a Polish group called “sec-labs” [2003] Sec-lab old whitepaper Sec-lab old exploit Windows Local Kernel Exploitation (based on sec-lab research) - by S.K Chong [2004] How to exploit Windows kernel memory pool - by SoBeIt [2005] Exploiting remote kernel overflows in windows - by Eeye Security Kernel-mode Payloads on Windows in uninformed - by Matt Miller Exploiting 802.11 Wireless Driver Vulnerabilities on Windows BH US 2007 Attacking the Windows Kernel Remote and Local Exploitation of Network Drivers Exploiting Comon Flaws In Drivers I2OMGMT Driver Impersonation Attack Real World Kernel Pool Exploitation Exploit for windows 2k3 and 2k8 Alyzing local privilege escalations in win32k Intro to Windows Kernel Security Development There’s a party at ring0 and you’re invited Windows kernel vulnerability exploitation A New CVE-2015-0057 Exploit Technology - by Yu Wang [2016] Exploiting CVE-2014-4113 on Windows 8.1 - by Moritz Jodeit [2016] Easy local Windows Kernel exploitation - by Cesar Cerrudo [2012] Windows Kernel Exploitation - by Simone Cardona 2016 Exploiting MS16-098 RGNOBJ Integer Overflow on Windows 8.1 x64 bit by abusing GDI objects - by Saif Sherei 2017 Windows Kernel Exploitation : This Time Font hunt you down in 4 bytes - by keen team [2015] Abusing GDI for ring0 exploit primitives - [2016] Windows Kernel Memory Corruption Windows Kernel Memory Corruption Exploit Development Articles. Remote Windows Kernel Exploitation - by Barnaby Jack [2005] windows kernel-mode payload fundamentals - by Skape [2006] exploiting 802.11 wireless driver vulnerabilities on windows - by Johnny Cache, H D Moore, skape [2007] Kernel Pool Exploitation on Windows 7 - by Tarjei Mandt [2011] Windows Kernel-mode GS Cookies and 1 bit of entropy - [2011] Subtle information disclosure in WIN32K.SYS syscall return values - [2011] nt!NtMapUserPhysicalPages and Kernel Stack-Spraying Techniques - [2011] SMEP: What is it, and how to beat it on Windows - [2011] Kernel Attacks through User-Mode Callbacks - by Tarjei Mandt [2011] Windows Security Hardening Through Kernel Address Protection - by Mateusz "j00ru" Jurczyk [2011] Reversing Windows8: Interesting Features of Kernel Security - by MJ0011 [2012] Smashing The Atom: Extraordinary String Based Attacks - by Tarjei Mandt [2012] Easy local Windows Kernel exploitation - by Cesar Cerrudo [2012] Using a Patched Vulnerability to Bypass Windows 8 x64 Driver Signature Enforcement - by MJ0011 [2012] MWR Labs Pwn2Own 2013 Write-up - Kernel Exploit - [2013] KASLR Bypass Mitigations in Windows 8.1 - [2013] First Dip Into the Kernel Pool: MS10-058 - by Jeremy [2014] Windows 8 Kernel Memory Protections Bypass - [2014] An Analysis of A Windows Kernel-Mode Vulnerability (CVE-2014-4113) - by Weimin Wu [2014] Sheep Year Kernel Heap Fengshui: Spraying in the Big Kids’ Pool - [2014] Exploiting the win32k!xxxEnableWndSBArrows use-after-free (CVE 2015-0057) bug on both 32-bit and 64-bit - by Aaron Adams [2015] Exploiting MS15-061 Microsoft Windows Kernel Use-After-Free (win32k!xxxSetClassLong) - by Dominic Wang [2015] Exploiting CVE-2015-2426, and How I Ported it to a Recent Windows 8.1 64-bit - by Cedric Halbronn [2015] Abusing GDI for ring0 exploit primitives - by Diego Juarez [2015] Duqu 2.0 Win32k exploit analysis - [2015] Return Oriented Programming The Geometry of Innocent Flesh on the Bone: Return-into-libc without Function Calls Blind return-oriented programming Sigreturn-oriented Programming Jump-Oriented Programming: A New Class of Code-Reuse Attack Out of control: Overcoming control-flow integrity ROP is Still Dangerous: Breaking Modern Defenses Loop-Oriented Programming(LOP): A New Code Reuse Attack to Bypass Modern Defenses - by Bingchen Lan, Yan Li, Hao Sun, Chao Su, Yao Liu, Qingkai Zeng [2015] Systematic Analysis of Defenses Against Return-Oriented Programming -by R. Skowyra, K. Casteel, H. Okhravi, N. Zeldovich, and W. Streilein [2013] Return-oriented programming without returns -by S.Checkoway, L. Davi, A. Dmitrienko, A. Sadeghi, H. Shacham, and M. Winandy [2010] Jump-oriented programming: a new class of code-reuse attack -by T. K. Bletsch, X. Jiang, V. W. Freeh, and Z. Liang [2011] Stitching the gadgets: on the ineffectiveness of coarse-grained control-flow integrity protection - by L. Davi, A. Sadeghi, and D. Lehmann [2014] Size does matter: Why using gadget-chain length to prevent code-reuse attacks is hard - by E. Göktas, E.Athanasopoulos, M. Polychronakis, H. Bos, and G.Portokalidis [2014] Buffer overflow attacks bypassing DEP (NX/XD bits) – part 1 - by Marco Mastropaolo [2005] Buffer overflow attacks bypassing DEP (NX/XD bits) – part 2 - by Marco Mastropaolo [2005] Practical Rop - by Dino Dai Zovi [2010] Exploitation with WriteProcessMemory - by Spencer Pratt [2010] Exploitation techniques and mitigations on Windows - by skape A little return oriented exploitation on Windows x86 – Part 1 - by Harmony Security and Stephen Fewer [2010] A little return oriented exploitation on Windows x86 – Part 2 - by Harmony Security and Stephen Fewer [2010] Windows memory protections Windows memory protections Introduction Articles. Data Execution Prevention /GS (Buffer Security Check) /SAFESEH ASLR SEHOP Bypassing filter and protections Windows memory protections Bypass Methods Articles. Third Generation Exploitation smashing heap on 2k - by Halvar Flake [2002] Creating Arbitrary Shellcode In Unicode Expanded Strings - by Chris Anley Advanced windows exploitation - by Dave Aitel [2003] Defeating the Stack Based Buffer Overflow Prevention Mechanism of Microsoft Windows 2003 Server - by David Litchfield Reliable heap exploits and after that Windows Heap Exploitation (Win2KSP0 through WinXPSP2) - by Matt Conover in cansecwest 2004 Safely Searching Process Virtual Address Space - by Matt Miller [2004] IE exploit and used a technology called Heap Spray Bypassing hardware-enforced DEP - by Skape (Matt Miller) and Skywing (Ken Johnson) [October 2005] Exploiting Freelist[0] On XP Service Pack 2 - by Brett Moore [2005] Kernel-mode Payloads on Windows in uninformed Exploiting 802.11 Wireless Driver Vulnerabilities on Windows Exploiting Comon Flaws In Drivers Heap Feng Shui in JavaScript by Alexander sotirov [2007] Understanding and bypassing Windows Heap Protection - by Nicolas Waisman [2007] Heaps About Heaps - by Brett moore [2008] Bypassing browser memory protections in Windows Vista - by Mark Dowd and Alex Sotirov [2008] Attacking the Vista Heap - by ben hawkes [2008] Return oriented programming Exploitation without Code Injection - by Hovav Shacham (and others ) [2008] Token Kidnapping and a super reliable exploit for windows 2k3 and 2k8 - by Cesar Cerrudo [2008] Defeating DEP Immunity Way - by Pablo Sole [2008] Practical Windows XP2003 Heap Exploitation - by John McDonald and Chris Valasek [2009] Bypassing SEHOP - by Stefan Le Berre Damien Cauquil [2009] Interpreter Exploitation : Pointer Inference and JIT Spraying - by Dionysus Blazakis[2010] Write-up of Pwn2Own 2010 - by Peter Vreugdenhil All in one 0day presented in rootedCON - by Ruben Santamarta [2010] DEP/ASLR bypass using 3rd party - by Shahin Ramezany [2013] Bypassing EMET 5.0 - by René Freingruber [2014] Typical windows exploits Real-world HW-DEP bypass Exploit - by Devcode Bypassing DEP by returning into HeapCreate - by Toto First public ASLR bypass exploit by using partial overwrite - by Skape Heap spray and bypassing DEP - by Skylined First public exploit that used ROP for bypassing DEP in adobe lib TIFF vulnerability Exploit codes of bypassing browsers memory protections PoC’s on Tokken TokenKidnapping . PoC for 2k3 -part 1 - by Cesar Cerrudo PoC’s on Tokken TokenKidnapping . PoC for 2k8 -part 2 - by Cesar Cerrudo An exploit works from win 3.1 to win 7 - by Tavis Ormandy KiTra0d Old ms08-067 metasploit module multi-target and DEP bypass PHP 6.0 Dev str_transliterate() Buffer overflow – NX + ASLR Bypass SMBv2 Exploit - by Stephen Fewer Microsoft IIS 7.5 remote heap buffer overflow - by redpantz Browser Exploitation Case Study for Internet Explorer 11 - by Moritz Jodeit [2016] Exploit development tutorial series Exploid Development Tutorial Series Base on Windows Operation System Articles. Corelan Team Exploit writing tutorial part 1 : Stack Based Overflows Exploit writing tutorial part 2 : Stack Based Overflows – jumping to shellcode Exploit writing tutorial part 3 : SEH Based Exploits Exploit writing tutorial part 3b : SEH Based Exploits – just another example Exploit writing tutorial part 4 : From Exploit to Metasploit – The basics Exploit writing tutorial part 5 : How debugger modules & plugins can speed up basic exploit development Exploit writing tutorial part 6 : Bypassing Stack Cookies, SafeSeh, SEHOP, HW DEP and ASLR Exploit writing tutorial part 7 : Unicode – from 0x00410041 to calc Exploit writing tutorial part 8 : Win32 Egg Hunting Exploit writing tutorial part 9 : Introduction to Win32 shellcoding Exploit writing tutorial part 10 : Chaining DEP with ROP – the Rubik’s Cube Exploit writing tutorial part 11 : Heap Spraying Demystified Fuzzysecurity Part 1: Introduction to Exploit Development Part 2: Saved Return Pointer Overflows Part 3: Structured Exception Handler (SEH) Part 4: Egg Hunters Part 5: Unicode 0x00410041 Part 6: Writing W32 shellcode Part 7: Return Oriented Programming Part 8: Spraying the Heap Chapter 1: Vanilla EIP Part 9: Spraying the Heap Chapter 2: Use-After-Free Part 10: Kernel Exploitation -> Stack Overflow Part 11: Kernel Exploitation -> Write-What-Where Part 12: Kernel Exploitation -> Null Pointer Dereference Part 13: Kernel Exploitation -> Uninitialized Stack Variable Part 14: Kernel Exploitation -> Integer Overflow Part 15: Kernel Exploitation -> UAF Part 16: Kernel Exploitation -> Pool Overflow Part 17: Kernel Exploitation -> GDI Bitmap Abuse (Win7-10 32/64bit) Heap Overflows For Humans 101 Heap Overflows For Humans 102 Heap Overflows For Humans 102.5 Heap Overflows For Humans 103 Heap Overflows For Humans 103.5 Securitysift Windows Exploit Development – Part 1: The Basics Windows Exploit Development – Part 2: Intro to Stack Based Overflows Windows Exploit Development – Part 3: Changing Offsets and Rebased Modules Windows Exploit Development – Part 4: Locating Shellcode With Jumps Windows Exploit Development – Part 5: Locating Shellcode With Egghunting Windows Exploit Development – Part 6: SEH Exploits Windows Exploit Development – Part 7: Unicode Buffer Overflows Whitehatters Academy Intro to Windows kernel exploitation 1/N: Kernel Debugging Intro to Windows kernel exploitation 2/N: HackSys Extremely Vulnerable Driver Intro to Windows kernel exploitation 3/N: My first Driver exploit Intro to Windows kernel exploitation 3.5/N: A bit more of the HackSys Driver Backdoor 103: Fully Undetected Backdoor 102 Backdoor 101 TheSprawl corelan - integer overflows - exercise solution heap overflows for humans - 102 - exercise solution exploit exercises - protostar - final levels exploit exercises - protostar - network levels exploit exercises - protostar - heap levels exploit exercises - protostar - format string levels exploit exercises - protostar - stack levels open security training - introduction to software exploits - uninitialized variable overflow open security training - introduction to software exploits - off-by-one open security training - introduction to re - bomb lab secret phase open security training - introductory x86 - buffer overflow mystery box corelan - tutorial 10 - exercise solution corelan - tutorial 9 - exercise solution corelan - tutorial 7 - exercise solution getting from seh to nseh corelan - tutorial 3b - exercise solution Expdev-Kiuhnm WinDbg Mona 2 Structure Exception Handling (SEH) Heap Windows Basics Shellcode Exploitme1 (ret eip overwrite) Exploitme2 (Stack cookies & SEH) Exploitme3 (DEP) Exploitme4 (ASLR) Exploitme5 (Heap Spraying & UAF) EMET 5.2 Internet Explorer 10 - Reverse Engineering IE Internet Explorer 10 - From one-byte-write to full process space read/write Internet Explorer 10 - God Mode (1) Internet Explorer 10 - God Mode (2) Internet Explorer 10 - Use-After-Free bug Internet Explorer 11 - Part 1 Internet Explorer 11 - Part 2 Tools Disassemblers, debuggers, and other static and dynamic analysis tools. angr - Platform-agnostic binary analysis framework developed at UCSB's Seclab. BARF - Multiplatform, open source Binary Analysis and Reverse engineering Framework. Binary Ninja - Multiplatform binary analysis IDE supporting various types of binaries and architecturs. Scriptable via Python. binnavi - Binary analysis IDE for reverse engineering based on graph visualization. Bokken - GUI for Pyew and Radare. Capstone - Disassembly framework for binary analysis and reversing, with support for many architectures and bindings in several languages. codebro - Web based code browser using clang to provide basic code analysis. dnSpy - .NET assembly editor, decompiler and debugger. Evan's Debugger (EDB) - A modular debugger with a Qt GUI. GDB - The GNU debugger. GEF - GDB Enhanced Features, for exploiters and reverse engineers. hackers-grep - A utility to search for strings in PE executables including imports, exports, and debug symbols. IDA Pro - Windows disassembler and debugger, with a free evaluation version. Immunity Debugger - Debugger for malware analysis and more, with a Python API. ltrace - Dynamic analysis for Linux executables. objdump - Part of GNU binutils, for static analysis of Linux binaries. OllyDbg - An assembly-level debugger for Windows executables. PANDA - Platform for Architecture-Neutral Dynamic Analysis PEDA - Python Exploit Development Assistance for GDB, an enhanced display with added commands. pestudio - Perform static analysis of Windows executables. Process Monitor - Advanced monitoring tool for Windows programs. Pyew - Python tool for malware analysis. Radare2 - Reverse engineering framework, with debugger support. SMRT - Sublime Malware Research Tool, a plugin for Sublime 3 to aid with malware analyis. strace - Dynamic analysis for Linux executables. Udis86 - Disassembler library and tool for x86 and x86_64. Vivisect - Python tool for malware analysis. X64dbg - An open-source x64/x32 debugger for windows. Sursa: https://github.com/enddo/awesome-windows-exploitation

Rapid7 Nexpose Community Edition is a free vulnerability scanner & security risk intelligence solution designed for organizations with large networks, prioritize and manage risk effectively. It proactively supports the entire vulnerability management lifecycle, including discovery, detection, verification, risk classification, impact analysis, reporting and mitigation. Nexpose Community Edition Features Data breaches are growing at an alarming rate. Your attack surface is constantly changing, the adversary is becoming more nimble than your security teams, and your board wants to know what you are doing about it. Nexpose gives you the confidence you need to understand your attack surface, focus on what matters, and create better security outcomes. Real Risk Score – The standard 1-10 CVSS score results in thousands of “critical” vulnerabilities. Adaptive Security – With Adaptive Security, you can automatically detect and assess new devices and new vulnerabilities the moment they access your network. Policy Assessment – Hardening your systems is just as important as finding and fixing vulnerabilities. Remediation Reporting – Help IT help you. With Nexpose remediation reports, show IT the 25 actions they can take right now to reduce the most risk. Integration with Metasploit – With Metasploit Pro, you can validate your vulnerability scanner results using an automated, closed-loop process. Powerful Reporting – Do you know where you should invest energy and budget? Compliance Requirements – Stay compliant with PCI DSS, NERC CIP, FISMA (USGCB/FDCC), HIPAA/HITECH, Top 20 CSC, DISA STIGS, and CIS standards. Download Nexpose Community Free You can download Nexpose Community here: Nexpose Community Free 1-Year Trial Or read more here. Sources: https://www.rapid7.com/info/nexpose-community/ https://www.darknet.org.uk/2017/09/rapid7-nexpose-community-edition-free-vulnerability-scanner/

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Pulsul e variabil, in functie de momentul zilei, alimentatie, stil de viata, stres etc. Oricum, nu mi se pare o idee prea sigura sa te autentifici cu parti ale corpului. E ca si cum ai umbla cu parola scrisa pe hartie si stocata in buzunar. In mod sigur nu m-as baza doar pe acest mod de autentificare. Pe de alta parte, e un lucru bun sa apara dispozitive de larg consum care scaneaza cat mai precis corpul, poti depista anumite probleme fara sa mergi la doctor. Lumea nu prea se inghesuie la consultatii numai cand au probleme. Orice descoperire poate duce la alte idei utile.

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