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aelius

Configurare adrese ip multiple pe linux.

By aelius, in Tutoriale in romana

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aelius Grand Master

aelius

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Posted (edited)

Stiu ca toti sunteti tentati sa faceti alias-uri, insa in cazul in care aveti sa spunem 200 de adrese ip de configurat pe un server, nu cred ca veti sta sa scrieti cele 200 de linii intr-un script de init. Mai mult, la comanda 'ifconfig -a' or sa fie afisate ca alias-uri (adica, mai pe romaneste, o sa vomite prima interfata de retea + 200 de alias-uri ale acesteia in CLI).

Exemplu standard:


root@rst:~# ifconfig eth0:1 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
root@rst:~# ifconfig eth0:2 10.0.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
root@rst:~# ifconfig eth0:3 10.0.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.0
root@rst:~# ifconfig eth0:4 10.0.0.5 netmask 255.255.255.0
root@rst:~# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:192.168.0.77  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe02:c0f1/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2014 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:181623 (177.3 KiB)  TX bytes:157231 (153.5 KiB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:10.0.0.2  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth0:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:10.0.0.3  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth0:3    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:10.0.0.4  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth0:4    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:10.0.0.5  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0   TX bytes:0 (0.0 

root@rst:~#

Idee:


root@rst:~# for i in {2..30} ; do ip addr add 10.0.0.$i broadcast 10.0.0.255 dev eth0 ; done
root@rst:~# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:02:c0:f1  
          inet addr:192.168.0.77  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe02:c0f1/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1405 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:225333 (220.0 KiB)  TX bytes:204095 (199.3 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0   TX bytes:0 (0.0 

root@rst:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:02:c0:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.77/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.2/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.3/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.4/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.5/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.6/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.7/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.8/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.9/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.10/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.11/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.12/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.13/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.14/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.15/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.16/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.17/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.18/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.19/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.20/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.21/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.22/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.23/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.24/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.25/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.26/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.27/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.28/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.29/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.0.0.30/32 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe02:c0f1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@rst:~#

Din cate vedeti, la ifconfig imi este afisata o singura adresa ip. No alias, no shits.

Cum ar arata fisierul de configuratie al retelei in cazul in care utilizati alias-uri pe eth0 si aveti o gramada de adrese ip ?


auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.42
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

auto eth0:0
allow-hotplug eth0:0
iface eth0:0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.43
    netmask 255.255.255.0

auto eth0:1
allow-hotplug eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
    address 192.168.0.44
    netmask 255.255.255.0
.......................
.......................

Pentru a face permanente modificarile (sa se configureze adresele ip la restart):


root@rst:~# cat >> /etc/ipaddr << EOF
> #!/bin/bash
> for i in {2..30} ; do ip addr add 10.0.0.\$i broadcast 10.0.0.255 dev eth0 ; done
> EOF
root@rst:~# chmod 711 /etc/ipaddr

In fisierul '/etc/network/interfaces' adaugati:


post-up /etc/ipaddr

Exemplu:


# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.77
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.0.1
        post-up /etc/ipaddr

Note:

- Testele au fost facute pe Debian. Functioneaza pe Debian si orice distributie derivata din aceasta.

- Comanda 'ip addr' functioneaza pe orice distributie linux. Face parte din pachetul iproute2

- Tema, daca aveti fetishuri cu cititul: http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html

Edited by aelius
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aelius Grand Master

aelius

Posted
  • Author
Posted (edited)

@Nicotin: pe centos ai range (iti autoconfigureaza el alias-uri)

Pentru ip range pe Centos:


cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
cat >> ifcfg-eth0-range0 << EOF
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR_START=10.0.0.2
IPADDR_END=10.0.0.200
IPV6INIT=no
EOF
chmod 755 ifcfg-eth0-range0

Note:

- Asta o sa-ti faca alias-uri cu eth0:0, eth0:1 ..... pentru toate adresele ip de la 10.0.0.2 la 10.0.0.200

- Nu adaugati in rc.local; Se initializeaza ultimul (dupa ce au pornit toate serviciile), caz in care serviciile ce se listeaza pe adresele ip configurate in rc.local, nu o sa porneasca.

Pentru a implementa scriptul 'ipaddr' prezentat mai sus, poti arunca o privire aici:

How to run a startup script automatically after a network interface is up on CentOS - Linux FAQ

Edited by aelius
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