Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel

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Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel

By Greg Hoglund, James Butler

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Publisher: Addison Wesley Professional

Pub Date: July 22, 2005

ISBN: 0-321-29431-9

Pages: 352

Table of Contents | Index

Copyright
Praise for Rootkits
Preface
Historical Background
Target Audience
Prerequisites
Scope
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
About the Cover
Chapter 1. Leave No Trace
Understanding Attackers' Motives
What Is a Rootkit?
Why Do Rootkits Exist?
How Long Have Rootkits Been Around?
How Do Rootkits Work?
What a Rootkit Is Not
Rootkits and Software Exploits
Offensive Rootkit Technologies
Conclusion
Chapter 2. Subverting the Kernel
Important Kernel Components
Rootkit Design
Introducing Code into the Kernel
Building the Windows Device Driver
Loading and Unloading the Driver
Logging the Debug Statements
Fusion Rootkits: Bridging User and Kernel Modes
Loading the Rootkit
Decompressing the .sys File from a Resource
Surviving Reboot
Conclusion
Chapter 3. The Hardware Connection
Ring Zero
Tables, Tables, and More Tables
Memory Pages
The Memory Descriptor Tables
The Interrupt Descriptor Table
The System Service Dispatch Table
The Control Registers
Multiprocessor Systems
Conclusion
Chapter 4. The Age-Old Art of Hooking
Userland Hooks
Kernel Hooks
A Hybrid Hooking Approach
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Runtime Patching
Detour Patching
Jump Templates
Variations on the Method
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Layered Drivers
A Keyboard Sniffer
The KLOG Rootkit: A Walk-through
File Filter Drivers
Conclusion
Chapter 7. Direct Kernel Object Manipulation
DKOM Benefits and Drawbacks
Determining the Version of the Operating System
Communicating with the Device Driver from Userland
Hiding with DKOM
Token Privilege and Group Elevation with DKOM
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Hardware Manipulation
Why Hardware?
Modifying the Firmware
Accessing the Hardware
Example: Accessing the Keyboard Controller
How Low Can You Go? Microcode Update
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Covert Channels
Remote Command, Control, and Exfiltration of Data
Disguised TCP/IP Protocols
Kernel TCP/IP Support for Your Rootkit Using TDI
Raw Network Manipulation
Kernel TCP/IP Support for Your Rootkit Using NDIS
Host Emulation
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Rootkit Detection
Detecting Presence
Detecting Behavior
Conclusion
Index

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