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Heroku Session Validation Issue

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Document Title:
===============
Heroku Bug Bounty #2 - (API) Re Auth Session Bypass Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1323

Video: http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1336

Vulnerability Magazine: http://magazine.vulnerability-db.com/?q=articles/2015/06/09/heroku-bug-bounty-2015-api-re-auth-session-token-bypass-vulnerability


Release Date:
=============
2015-06-09


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1323


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
6.1


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Heroku provides you with all the tools you need to iterate quickly, and adopt the right technologies for your project. 
Build modern, maintainable apps and instantly extend them with functionality from hundreds of cloud services providers 
without worrying about infrastructure. Build. Deploy. Scale. Heroku brings them together in an experience built and 
designed for developers. Scale your application by moving a slider and upgrade your database in a few simple steps. 
Whether your growth happens over the year or overnight, you can grow on demand to capture opportunity.

Heroku (pronounced her-OH-koo) is a cloud application platform – a new way of building and deploying web apps. Our service 
lets app developers spend their time on their application code, not managing servers, deployment, ongoing operations, or scaling.
Heroku was founded in 2007 by Orion Henry, James Lindenbaum, and Adam Wiggins. 

(Copy of the Vendor Homepage: https://www.heroku.com/home )


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Research team discovered a application-side session validation vulnerability in the official Heroku API and web-application.


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2014-09-19:	Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri)
2014-09-20:	Vendor Notification (Heroku Security Team - Bug Bounty Program)
2015-03-11:	Vendor Response/Feedback (Heroku Security Team - Bug Bounty Program)
2015-06-08:	Vendor Fix/Patch Notification (Heroku Developer Team)
2015-06-09:	Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Affected Product(s):
====================
Heroku
Product: Heroku Dashboard - Web Application (API) 2014 Q3


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
High


Technical Details & Description:
================================
An application-side re-auth session bypass vulnerability has been discovered in the official heroku API & web-application service.
The vulnerability allows an attacker to request unauthorized information without the second forced re authentication module.

The heroku web-service provides to all web services an expire session function that disallows to visit the page without re authentication.
The dataclips page session of the editor and the postgres service allows to add for example new context. If the session expires in the main 
heroku web-service the user will be forced to login again. 

During the tests we releaved that the session of the dataclip service and editor is available even if the re-authentication service is still running.
If the local attacker changes the path manually to request directly the stored context in the profile (like shown in video) he is able to bypass the 
security mechanism to add or request the database name.

The session validation mechnism needs to provoke a refresh of the progres datasheet page or the dataclips add through editor to prevent unauthorized 
access after a session has been expired during the usage of the heroku service.

The security risk of the re-auth session bypass vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 6.1.
Exploitation of the vulnerability requires a local low privilege heroku application user account without user interaction. Successful exploitation 
of the vulnerability results in the evade and bypass of the re-authentication mechanism.


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The local re auth bypass vulnerability can be exploited by local attackers with low privilege web-application user account or 
by remote attackers without privlege web-application account and high user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce 
the security vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.

Manual steps to reproduce the re-auth bypass vulnerability ...

1. Register a webpage account at the official heroku website
2. Provoke the re-auth function that pops up after several profile interaction during the time after the session expired
3. When the session is expired to do not press the re-auth function button that popup stable to all service
4. Switch back to the postgres.heroku service and add dataclips or own databases even if the session is expired to all other modules and sites
Note: Even if all session are expired the user is able to request the database and the dataclips in the service without authorization
5. Successful reproduce of the session vulnerability!

Video Demonstration
The video demonstrates the vulnerability in the re-auth function of the heroku service which affects only the heroku service with the dataclips and databases.
The session expired values also needs to be recognized in the database service and the site validation request to prevent access without re-auth to heroku itself.


Exception Message:
-Your session has expired
--Your current session has expired or become inactive and has been terminated.
---Please log in again to continue using Dashboard.


--- PoC Session Logs ---
17:55:32.218[718ms][total 718ms] Status: 303[See Other]
GET https://id.heroku.com/logout Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI  LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI  ] Größe des Inhalts[-1] Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[id.heroku.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
      Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
      Referer[https://www.heroku.com/home]
      Cookie[ref=KZaqbfoPQd2NM5_HmtNkDBgaDRYcVm4FgoRlK3QXRYUX5XYlLVpbKsbv-DvM8FmqnHEUYhAmss84wkpN3jOao6PJyJ90AhbTjDrK5i7V20kDxZvoen4Zz_bztDsXTa1J%7CTzM52sJrCEMP3TpTvJzGMA%3D%3D%7C4a7a7f34648ede535a79a2bc56dd9366b7df78a1462aa844f86196b14609e103; _ga=GA1.2.181049422.1411214008; __utma=148535982.181049422.1411214008.1411216956.1411228016.3; __utmc=148535982; __utmz=148535982.1411216956.2.2.utmcsr=postgres.heroku.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/databases; optimizelySegments=%7B%22173438640%22%3A%22referral%22%2C%22173362769%22%3A%22ff%22%2C%22173444194%22%3A%22false%22%2C%22221602555%22%3A%22referral%22%2C%22221841254%22%3A%22ff%22%2C%22221734991%22%3A%22false%22%7D; optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%7D; rack.session=sqPL2wMwiUxRKRDIZRZpFZtpQVHNL051XZMscTdZzo85hsFiMzwNrL-ZgLLCf8llJTtLTk8ilInCKAeHek3hJ971JEcCHKfGmen-xMGjed0pjaT5KG1CKDBB-oPo5z_trM8eSSBDiLUnva-T9N6Pty3jwbNpxFYeHFG79jB1K1j-lc_-dB8tACasWzQbFPc5d-6ampRWbPJf4ZQhglDefQdPrvLEqwO5BD5uXKzT2WKvilkEqdnzzbUKXm3WD1GMWZwqsV6hkeUJMn5vbsVb32yIm1r7sWL5WxuYMvbTpEdMWcA5mDJzoc0ME_Oo0F4Sz3lhIxBhipySHAYlAiR6B7SQCocJGSCqIJckDiQ_cZ5wY8s2hmGAvL2YKGb4gZGLMR2VvJDC8AEOhbS5ofhZDrYTvEaRCFgqweI3KGFQlcie7C2AQnYFgo7UfnilQsLZEVKAZnJ_f6wy3t9a108LwzUxg5aQ27mYexe5IK3Ei2ji5BNFcphWiujvrHG4TjtQwtxfF6eZZhTurqM1Rcwle2hPfQqQlSMrEf54dh_nurL6Oyh3mMHi68mhDZm6zIaAq-GCGpx8PwNhwZ8Wp1ZjmD04fFsPKBZBA9pJ2IMuP5NBgP6dpkPuPa1MxIlDpPuz6PuK_ONBKPI-ApKey2g6_6r6dHXBZU-dBMAX9nNm16r7rEoJR4StN3ApBazWVxHDTMJdprFoMbcAYsUEsjFQBMuNMwe3GKxvFKNynwK-GWsjCxL_BMe8pZQVaW7h-qSZWydA4Pmx9VmkTdEZ7e4BXiGXZCUo6et8QyZLK4SfV4tod03s6MkB3nbWjSLEsJyo4KQSDu4jJyqP7g9nvRuJz67XHl_pTLcV2updPygb3qrlyeFZLhuXtjsDbpWHMxWjvjhX7g63QkdsCSsytKBOYNsKZu8npvW59b3U6jO-aB-ZN4hMDbogRSKRhRE1bIrN%7CbHVM61lFujhv41-3Kbdezg%3D%3D%7C90aed411ab431962695b4954963c46d29c694c5b89ee793a1654e400d0830070; _ga=GA1.3.181049422.1411214008; visitor_id36622=273629684; heroku_session=1; heroku_session_nonce=891e297c-fed0-4932-8c59-32d7d341f4dc; __utmb=148535982.59.9.1411228524365; optimizelyPendingLogEvents=%5B%22n%3Dengagement%26g%3D170873954%26u%3Doeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572%26wxhr%3Dtrue%26t%3D1411228532074%26f%3D%22%2C%22n%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.heroku.com%252Fhome%26u%3Doeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572%26wxhr%3Dtrue%26t%3D1411228529309%26f%3D%22%5D]
      Connection[keep-alive]
   Response Header:
      Server[Cowboy]
      Date[Sat, 20 Sep 2014 15:55:42 GMT]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Strict-Transport-Security[max-age=31536000]
      X-Frame-Options[SAMEORIGIN]
      X-XSS-Protection[1; mode=block]
      x-content-type-options[nosniff]
      Content-Type[text/html;charset=utf-8]
      Set-Cookie[heroku_session=; domain=.heroku.com; path=/; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000; secure
heroku_session_nonce=; domain=.heroku.com; path=/; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000; secure
rack.session=FaVrS4hqnR9mnjhckrTvVfSsfPhzKXgca1SNr8Oyr6N_-ub6c_egK8dLEHO_KeAnQB1aERkdfw_LeQdQHfDHrK-3DK91e12mqCMinL-Fsdndcdg7ZY1hyrdSQXmcs1ER5d2gkk4BeU8nn2irz9fWX7Qnwmax_MKaYj1JyCxhpwGBESHwyiMOtW0v4EAuhdDi1k31ltpEem6D7VXfj-2izYDDwNrCLOOYyifekUr2YnViziFTFcnECk7ynTFG7LrK%7CczNDqJrktR8EodaST7bDZA%3D%3D%7C855c1f5d2b8faf34a68e30535e723bfa6c2eec88e4819c36e02dba20099c14ed; path=/; expires=Mon, 20 Oct 2014 15:55:43 -0000; HttpOnly; secure]
      Location[https://id.heroku.com/login]
      Vary[Accept-Encoding]
      Content-Encoding[gzip]
      Request-Id[17eefe38-a226-46fc-8e1d-2f673d87db10]
      Transfer-Encoding[chunked]
      Via[1.1 vegur]


17:55:32.937[159ms][total 818ms] Status: 200[OK]
GET https://id.heroku.com/login Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI  LOAD_REPLACE  LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI  ] Größe des Inhalts[-1] Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[id.heroku.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
      Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
      Referer[https://www.heroku.com/home]
      Cookie[ref=KZaqbfoPQd2NM5_HmtNkDBgaDRYcVm4FgoRlK3QXRYUX5XYlLVpbKsbv-DvM8FmqnHEUYhAmss84wkpN3jOao6PJyJ90AhbTjDrK5i7V20kDxZvoen4Zz_bztDsXTa1J%7CTzM52sJrCEMP3TpTvJzGMA%3D%3D%7C4a7a7f34648ede535a79a2bc56dd9366b7df78a1462aa844f86196b14609e103; _ga=GA1.2.181049422.1411214008; __utma=148535982.181049422.1411214008.1411216956.1411228016.3; __utmc=148535982; __utmz=148535982.1411216956.2.2.utmcsr=postgres.heroku.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/databases; optimizelySegments=%7B%22173438640%22%3A%22referral%22%2C%22173362769%22%3A%22ff%22%2C%22173444194%22%3A%22false%22%2C%22221602555%22%3A%22referral%22%2C%22221841254%22%3A%22ff%22%2C%22221734991%22%3A%22false%22%7D; optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%7D; rack.session=FaVrS4hqnR9mnjhckrTvVfSsfPhzKXgca1SNr8Oyr6N_-ub6c_egK8dLEHO_KeAnQB1aERkdfw_LeQdQHfDHrK-3DK91e12mqCMinL-Fsdndcdg7ZY1hyrdSQXmcs1ER5d2gkk4BeU8nn2irz9fWX7Qnwmax_MKaYj1JyCxhpwGBESHwyiMOtW0v4EAuhdDi1k31ltpEem6D7VXfj-2izYDDwNrCLOOYyifekUr2YnViziFTFcnECk7ynTFG7LrK%7CczNDqJrktR8EodaST7bDZA%3D%3D%7C855c1f5d2b8faf34a68e30535e723bfa6c2eec88e4819c36e02dba20099c14ed; _ga=GA1.3.181049422.1411214008; visitor_id36622=273629684; __utmb=148535982.59.9.1411228524365; optimizelyPendingLogEvents=%5B%22n%3Dengagement%26g%3D170873954%26u%3Doeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572%26wxhr%3Dtrue%26t%3D1411228532074%26f%3D%22%2C%22n%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.heroku.com%252Fhome%26u%3Doeu1411214007860r0.1948891553088572%26wxhr%3Dtrue%26t%3D1411228529309%26f%3D%22%5D]
      Connection[keep-alive]
   Response Header:
      Server[Cowboy]
      Date[Sat, 20 Sep 2014 15:55:42 GMT]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Strict-Transport-Security[max-age=31536000]
      X-Frame-Options[SAMEORIGIN]
      X-XSS-Protection[1; mode=block]
      x-content-type-options[nosniff]
      Content-Type[text/html;charset=utf-8]
      Set-Cookie[heroku_session=; domain=.heroku.com; path=/; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000; secure
heroku_session_nonce=; domain=.heroku.com; path=/; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000; secure
rack.session=HSkfR06GR1NnxhFxsmBIy0sVnJareQJv2qjGRfPXqF3Dxw-NQDVWTkf5IxbkOvB9Z8WGGhGe2f4_P7ZkiWLRnuY_mYbgteaZNCrRtb13u0v7TCQN96dgWRfbP5lSlsLzJ3A_QBzFn0LtDWiUwv1GIPgmrGvMMRRNm6k7YRgVDF1VUVKLyo4eJ57fFw6kQG6_QeSZXL2pYCnvRe779I47DXgY-VrPXUbI5Uk9Cznr49pEvkkRfb3QatvMR8el3E8QT6StkYQQEDwzL2ZYJroQXhHPMa-yHcGVoNATooiumbPXBEOM1a-fKUdJ7s56yZ9l93Ie4fVxLOUtRRtjJd-O7Sg3FLqdiNM7siMYpSD_gxh_XT3hWYbd4h5t9Xoj_zgOtxiDJlM63RchlyCtoFERag%3D%3D%7CFvfX9eXB36GDcprUj47Nrg%3D%3D%7C3212ecd5bcd6a88fd376d7bd6a58dda06d5de2e01f9b066d2dce3e441b8d09b2; path=/; expires=Mon, 20 Oct 2014 15:55:43 -0000; HttpOnly; secure]
      Vary[Accept-Encoding]
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      Request-Id[6c5a1418-f70d-4eb5-901c-8b333e82d2e3]
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      Via[1.1 vegur]


17:56:11.833[437ms][total 437ms] Status: 302[Found]
GET https://postgres.heroku.com/databases Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI  LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI  ] Größe des Inhalts[-1] Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[postgres.heroku.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
      Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
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      Connection[keep-alive]
   Response Header:
      Server[Cowboy]
      Connection[close]
      Date[Sat, 20 Sep 2014 15:56:22 GMT]
      status[302 Found]
      Strict-Transport-Security[max-age=99; includeSubdomains]
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      Via[1.1 vegur]


17:56:12.273[183ms][total 183ms] Status: 302[Found]
GET https://postgres.heroku.com/login Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI  LOAD_REPLACE  LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI  ] Größe des Inhalts[-1] Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
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      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
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17:56:48.969[192ms][total 192ms] Status: 304[Not Modified]
GET https://dataclips.heroku.com/clips/new Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI  LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI  ] Größe des Inhalts[0] Mime Type[application/x-unknown-content-type]
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Reference(s):
https://dataclips.heroku.com/
https://dataclips.heroku.com/clips/new
https://postgres.heroku.com/databases
-
https://dashboard.heroku.com/account
https://dashboard.heroku.com/login
https://id.heroku.com/logout


Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be patched by a secure proof of the dataclip and postgres service values that are processing to use the login credentials.
The service needs to process expired sessions through all portal in the same or next request without allowing to access separtly requested section with the expired session credentials.


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the re-auth session bypass vulnerability in the dataclip and postgres information page is estimated as high. (CVSS 6.1)


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri (bkm@evolution-sec.com) [www.vulnerability-lab.com]


Disclaimer & Information:
=========================
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