Ajutor Bootloader Backtrack/Windows

Zaoane · March 18, 2012

Salut.

As avea nevoie de un mic ajutor pentru reconfigurarea bootloaderu-lui. Am 2 SO instalate Windows 7 si Backtrack.

Am vrut sa modific ordinea aparitiei lor si am primit o eroare referitoare la grub. In momentul de fata imi booteaza direct in BT, iar partitia cu Windows nu o mai pot accesa.

Va cer ajutorul in refacerea fisierului de boot.

Multumesc

pyth0n3 · March 19, 2012

Ai scris 61 de cuvinte si nu ai postat continutul fisierului de boot.

Inainte sa mofifici fisierul sper ca ai facut o copie de backup.

Zaoane · March 19, 2012

Din pacate pentru mine nu am facut back-up si acum regret.

Calculatorul porneste in backtrack, dar nu stiu cum sa fac sa citeasca si partitia cu Windows, adica sa o afiseze la boot manager.

LE: Urmand un tutorial pe net, am dat purge la GRUB2 si am instalat GRUB

Am instalat Startupmanager, in Default operating system nu apare Windows-ul, doar backtrack si memtest

LE2: Boot file

#

# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE

#

# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates

# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub

#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then

load_env

fi

set default="0"

if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then

set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}

save_env saved_entry

set prev_saved_entry=

save_env prev_saved_entry

set boot_once=true

fi

function savedefault {

if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then

saved_entry=${chosen}

save_env saved_entry

fi

}

function recordfail {

set recordfail=1

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi

}

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then

set gfxmode=1024x768

set gfxpayload=keep

insmod gfxterm

insmod vbe

if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else

# For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't

# understand terminal_output

terminal gfxterm

fi

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale

set lang=en

insmod gettext

if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then

set timeout=-1

else

set timeout=10

fi

### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

set menu_color_normal=white/black

set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray

### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {

recordfail

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro text splash vga=791

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4

}

menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {

recordfail

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.39.4 ...'

linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro single

echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4

}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin

}

menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {

insmod ext2

set root='(hd0,5)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8

}

### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" {

insmod ntfs

set root='(hd0,1)'

search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 749C0AD49C0A9132

chainloader +1

}

### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the

# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change

# the 'exec tail' line above.

### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

Edited March 19, 2012 by Zaoane

dan_wtf · March 19, 2012

Ai incercat in terminal: sudo update-grub ? si apoi restart?

u0m3 · March 19, 2012

O metoda ar fi sa tii apasata tasta Shift in timpul BIOS POST a PC-ul (adica sa o apesi inainte ca BIOS-ul sa predea comanda bootloader-ului, in cazul de fata GRUB2). Asta iti va face sa iti apara meniul de boot pe o perioada nedeterminata de timp.

Edited March 20, 2012 by u0m3

pyth0n3 · March 20, 2012

In primul rand fisierul de boot ti-a spus un lucru sfant cand l-ai editat pentru prima data


# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE

Nu am dedus nimic concret din ceea ce ai postat mai sus si nu pot face presupuneri

1.Posteaza fisierul corect care vine folost de catre grub intrun mod mai decent (poti sa faci wrap

2.Specifica in mod detaliat modificarile pa care le-ai facut Pas cu Pas.

3.Specifica in mod detaliat ce versiune de GRUB ruleaza la tine in sistem

4.Specifica in mod detaliat care din versiunile GRUB vine folosita in acest moment de catre sistem (chiar daca ai instalat o alta versiune de grub e probabil ca sistemul sa foloseasca cealalta versiune daca nu a fost dezinstalata )

5.Din cate am inteles problema o intalnesti intro distributie Backtrack , eu din ceea ce ai postat mai sus vad ca e Ubuntu.

Fara detalii precise nu poti obtine un raspuns concret decat presupuneri.

In informatica nu se pot face presupuneri decat calcule precise.

Edited March 20, 2012 by pyth0n3

Zaoane · March 20, 2012

dan_wtf : Am incercat, nimic nou

u0m3 : Am incercat si cu Shift-u, nu se schimba nimic

pyth0n3: In primul rand multumesc de rabdarea ta.

Ceea ca am vrut eu sa fac este sa inversez Windows-u cu Backtrack-u in Bootloader. Am cautat pe net si am gasit un tutorial care zice sa faci downgrade la GRUB2 (ce aveam instalat) si sa pun GRUB (ce am acuma) ca este simplu.

Tutorialul este :

Downgrading to GRUB
At the time of writing this guide GRUB 2 is unable to chainload the truecrypt bootloader (at least to my knowledge and without annoying workarounds). For this reason we will downgrade to GRUB (grub legacy) which will be able to handle everything perfectly and offers the same functionality.
Start the Backtrack system you have just installed and open a terminal. To remove GRUB 2 execute "apt-get purge grub-pc". If it asks to remove all GRUB 2 files from /boot/grub select yes. Then execute "rm /boot/grub/core.img" to get rid of the remaining GRUB 2 files. Your computer won't be bootable until we install the old version of grub.
Install grub by executing "apt-get install grub". Configure grub to load during boot by executing "grub-install /dev/sda". Finally configure the grub boot menu by executing "update-grub". It should say "could not find /boot/grub/menu.lst ...". Enter yes to create the menu. Reboot the system to verify it boots properly.
Note: The grub menu will now display "Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS" instead of Backtrack 5. At the end of this guide we will clean up this menu entry.

Sursa : [HOW-TO] Dual Boot Backtrack 5 and Windows with Full Disk Encryption

Sa raspund si la intrebarile tale:

1. Nu stiu exact care este fisierul la care te referi, nu este bun cel postat de mine anterior?

2. Cel mai simplu, cred ca in tutorialul pus anterior iti va arata ceea ce am facut

3. Anterior am avut GRUB2, acuma la pornire imi arata GRUB loading stage 1.5

4. Banuiesc ca este folosita versiunea GRUB si ca GRUB2 este dezinstalat

5. Am tot Backtrack-ul instalat, dar acel tutorial postat anterior mi-a modificat denumirea SO-ului la pornire in Ubuntu 10.04

Stiu ca este o prostie ceea ce am facut, dat acuma incerc sa remediez cumva.

Ceea ce am mai reusit sa rezolv, poate ca ajuta la ceva este urmatorul pas:

Am dat jos Super Grub2, am pus pe un CD si am dat boot de pe el.

Imi apare interfata Super Grub vers. 1.99, la Detect any Operating System imi apar cele 2 SO-uri instalate (Backtrack-Linux si Windows), pot intra in oricare.

Daca nu dau boot de pe CD cu Super Grub nu mai apare si SO Windows.

Multumesc anticipat de ajutor

dan_wtf · March 20, 2012

Poate te ajuta asta Încearc? Ubuntu - Restaurare GRUB sau ce e aici

pyth0n3 · March 21, 2012

1.Instaleaza acest packet os-prober

2.Executa os-prober cu drepturi de root

3.Incearca sa faci un reboot pentru a verifica daca windows apare in meniul bootloader-ului.

4.Posteaza output-ul de la urmatorul comand "fdisk -l" executat cu drepturi de root

5.Posteaza fisierul de configurare grub

Edited March 21, 2012 by pyth0n3

Zaoane · March 21, 2012

dan_wtf: Am incercat restaurare GRUB2

Am urmarit restaurarea GRUB2.

La comanda sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda am primit urmatoarea mesaj:

Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.

The file /mnt/boot/grub/stage1 not read correctly.

Dupa ce am citit inca odata, am dedus ca trebuie facut boot de pe CD cu versiunea de Ubuntu. Il descarc, pun pe un CD si revin cu detalii mai tarziu.

pyth0n3:

1. Am instalat os-prober

2. Executat cu drept de root

3. Reboot, nimic schimbat

4. root@bt:~# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7296 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd53d826f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      102400    7  HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              13        1887    15050644    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3            2627        4086    11718750    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda4            4086        7296    25789441    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4086        7158    24676352   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            7158        7296     1112064   82  Linux swap / Solaris

5. Grub.cfg

GNU nano 2.2.2                 File: grub.cfg                                         
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then
  set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then
    saved_entry=${chosen}
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi;$
}
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
  set gfxmode=1024x768
  set gfxpayload=keep
  insmod gfxterm
  insmod vbe
  if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else
# For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't
    # understand terminal_output
    terminal gfxterm
  fi
fi
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en
insmod gettext
if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
        recordfail
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro   text splash vga=791
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
        recordfail
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.39.4 ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro single
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" {
        insmod ntfs
        set root='(hd0,1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 749C0AD49C0A9132
        chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

Edited March 21, 2012 by Zaoane

pyth0n3 · March 21, 2012

Incearca sa modifici fisierul de boot cu rumatorul cod

1.Editeaza fisierul cu gedit sau oricare alt editor grafic (asta ca sa nu gresesti tu) nu il edita cu nano sau vim

2.Copiaza codul exact asa cum il vezi in urmatorul wrap

3.Fa un update-grub

4.Incearca sa faci reboot

5.Spunemi daca sunt schimbari.

                                      
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then
  set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then
    saved_entry=${chosen}
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi;$
}
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
  set gfxmode=1024x768
  set gfxpayload=keep
  insmod gfxterm
  insmod vbe
  if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else
# For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't
    # understand terminal_output
    terminal gfxterm
  fi
fi
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en
insmod gettext
if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
        recordfail
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro   text splash vga=791
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
        recordfail
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.39.4 ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro single
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
        linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" {
        insmod ntfs
        set root='(hd0,1)'
	search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 749C0AD49C0A9132
        chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

Zaoane · March 21, 2012

Nu sunt schimbari la reboot.

Ceea ce primesc la update-grub este urmatorul mesaj (poate te ajuta la ceva):

Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4
Found kernel: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done

pyth0n3 · March 21, 2012

Din cate observ :

1.Fisierul de configurare grub2 e grub.cfg

2.Fisierul de configurare grub1 e menu.lst

3.Publica continutul fisierului /boot/grub/menu.lst

4.E probabil sa rulezi grub1 si sa faci modificari in fisierul de configurare grub2 care nu vine citit .

Zaoane · March 21, 2012

Menu.lst

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#            grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#            grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#            and /usr/share/doc/grub-legacy-doc/.

## default num
# Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and
# the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used.
#
# You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry
# is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'.
# WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your
# array will desync and will not let you boot your system.
default		0

## timeout sec
# Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry
# (normally the first entry defined).
timeout		3

## hiddenmenu
# Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu)
hiddenmenu

# Pretty colours
#color cyan/blue white/blue

## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line)  and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
## password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret

#
# examples
#
# title		Windows 95/98/NT/2000
# root		(hd0,0)
# makeactive
# chainloader	+1
#
# title		Linux
# root		(hd0,1)
# kernel	/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
#

#
# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST

### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below

## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs

## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro
# kopt=root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro

## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true

## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false

## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
# defoptions=quiet splash

## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options
## e.g. lockold=false
##      lockold=true
# lockold=false

## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenhopt=

## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenkopt=console=tty0

## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single

## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all

## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically
## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa
## e.g. indomU=detect
##      indomU=true
##      indomU=false
# indomU=detect

## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option
## e.g. memtest86=true
##      memtest86=false
# memtest86=true

## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system
## can be true or false
# updatedefaultentry=false

## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options
## can be true or false
# savedefault=false

## ## End Default Options ##

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro quiet splash 
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
quiet

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro  single
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, memtest86+
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/memtest86+.bin
quiet

### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

nedo · March 21, 2012

Fa un back-up la /boot/grub/menu.lst

Dupa care editeaza-l cu drepturi de root.

Adaugi asa.


title	 Windows Vista/Longhorn (loader) // aici editezi tu numele in Windows 7 / Windows xp whatever
root	 (sda0,0) // Presupunand ca windows-ul este instalat pe prima partitie
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1

Salvezi fisierul menu.lst dupa care faci update-grub.

Dai restart si ar trebui sa iti apara si partitia.

Pythone sa ma corecteze daca nu retin bine cum se face numerotarea partitiilor si in loc de root (sda0,0) trebuie adaugat altfel

pyth0n3 · March 21, 2012

(hd0,1) se refera la discul 0 (care de fapt e primul disc) si partitia a doua care de fapt e /dev/sda2

Fa un backup


cp /boot/menu.lst /boot/menu.lst.org

Modifica fisierul adaugand urmatoarele date


title	 Windows Vista/Longhorn
root (hd0,1)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1

Fa un update-grub

Am observat ca Ubuntu foloseste UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier)

Daca nu functioneaza posteaza erorile care ti le da si rezultatul de la urmatorul comand

sudo blkid

Edited March 21, 2012 by pyth0n3

Zaoane · March 21, 2012

Tot nu apare Windowsul

menu.lst cu modificari

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#            grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#            grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#            and /usr/share/doc/grub-legacy-doc/.

## default num
# Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and
# the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used.
#
# You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry
# is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'.
# WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your
# array will desync and will not let you boot your system.
default		0

## timeout sec
# Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry
# (normally the first entry defined).
timeout		3

## hiddenmenu
# Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu)
hiddenmenu

# Pretty colours
#color cyan/blue white/blue

## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line)  and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
## password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret

#
# examples
#
# title		Windows 95/98/NT/2000
# root		(hd0,0)
# makeactive
# chainloader	+1
#
# title		Linux
# root		(hd0,1)
# kernel	/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
#

#
# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST

### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below

## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs

## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro
# kopt=root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro

## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true

## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false

## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
# defoptions=quiet splash

## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options
## e.g. lockold=false
##      lockold=true
# lockold=false

## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenhopt=

## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenkopt=console=tty0

## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single

## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all

## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically
## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa
## e.g. indomU=detect
##      indomU=true
##      indomU=false
# indomU=detect

## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option
## e.g. memtest86=true
##      memtest86=false
# memtest86=true

## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system
## can be true or false
# updatedefaultentry=false

## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options
## can be true or false
# savedefault=false

## ## End Default Options ##

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro quiet splash 
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
quiet

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro  single
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, memtest86+
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/memtest86+.bin
quiet

title	 Windows Vista/Longhorn
root (hd0,1)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1
### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

update-grub

Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4
Found kernel: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done

sudo blkid

/dev/sda5: UUID="def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="749C0AD49C0A9132" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="6CF01E41F01E11C6" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda3: UUID="0A8C22DB8C22C0D5" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda6: UUID="d8c0005c-9c47-4091-b6a7-03ee99125a83" TYPE="swap"

Edited March 21, 2012 by Zaoane

pyth0n3 · March 22, 2012

Ai mare grija cand editezi fisierul , fiecare spatiu intre directive trebuie sa fie un tab.

Patru spatii formeaza un tab , si fiecare directiva trebuie asezata la locul potrivit

Copiaza codul corect si foloseste butonul tab pentru a aranja directivele in cazul in care gresesti.

Nu uita sa faci update-grub, in output ar trebui sa vezi daca apare windows in menu fara sa faci reboot.

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#            grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#            grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#            and /usr/share/doc/grub-legacy-doc/.

## default num
# Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and
# the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used.
#
# You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry
# is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'.
# WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your
# array will desync and will not let you boot your system.
default		0

## timeout sec
# Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry
# (normally the first entry defined).
timeout		3

## hiddenmenu
# Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu)
hiddenmenu

# Pretty colours
#color cyan/blue white/blue

## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line)  and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
## password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret

#
# examples
#
# title		Windows 95/98/NT/2000
# root		(hd0,0)
# makeactive
# chainloader	+1
#
# title		Linux
# root		(hd0,1)
# kernel	/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
#

#
# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST

### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below

## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs

## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro
# kopt=root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro

## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec

## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true

## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false

## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
# defoptions=quiet splash

## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options
## e.g. lockold=false
##      lockold=true
# lockold=false

## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenhopt=

## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenkopt=console=tty0

## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single

## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all

## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically
## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa
## e.g. indomU=detect
##      indomU=true
##      indomU=false
# indomU=detect

## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option
## e.g. memtest86=true
##      memtest86=false
# memtest86=true

## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system
## can be true or false
# updatedefaultentry=false

## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options
## can be true or false
# savedefault=false

## ## End Default Options ##

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro quiet splash 
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4
quiet

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.39.4 (recovery mode)
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39.4 root=UUID=def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec ro  single
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.39.4

title		Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, memtest86+
uuid		def7fc86-f2cf-4c48-89ac-7beae497ecec
kernel		/boot/memtest86+.bin
quiet

title		Windows 
root		(hd0,1)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1
### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

dan_wtf · March 22, 2012

Din ce stiu eu menu.lst de la grub 1 poate fi editat cu un simplu editor pe cand grub.cfg de la grub 2 isi ia setarile din alte fisiere, el fiind generat automat. Parerea mea de pe un live cd sters tot ce tine de grub 1 -2 ce ai instalat si reinstalat grub 2.

Ptr adaugare manuala a windosului in grub 2 poti urma pasii:

The files in this folder are read during execution of "update-grub" or "update-grub" commands. The contents are imported into /boot/grub/grub.cfg

The order of the entries in the grub menu is based on the order of the file names. File named with a starting numeral are run before those beginning with a letter. The order the files are run determines the menu order in grub.cfg.
Custom entries can be added to the "40_custom" file or in a newly created file.

Any file created must be executable in order to be included in the grub.cfg file during the "update-grub" command.

    00_header
    05_debian_theme: Set background and text colors, themes
    10_hurd Locates Hurd kernels
    10_linux Locates Linux kernels based on results of the "lsb_release" command.
    10_lupin Locates Linux kernels in Wubi installs within Windows, among other things.
    20_memtest86+: If the file /boot/memtest86+.bin exists, it is included as a menu item.
    30_os-prober: Searches for Linux and OS's on other partitions and includes them in the menu.
    40_custom: A template for adding custom menu entries which will be inserted into grub.cfg upon execution of the "update-grub" command. This and any other custom file must be made executable to allow importation into grub.cfg.

Acum nu imi pot da seama exact care grub il ai instalat.Dar poti incerca cu reinstal ul dar sa fii atent cand instalezi bootloaderul(grub ul) sa fie pe mbs ul hdd ului (la instalare dai calea sda , fara numar )

Mai multe info poti afla aici Grub 2 Basics - Ubuntu Forums

Mai e posibil ca tu sa faci editare la menu.lst folosit de grub 1 si sistemul sa foloseasca grub 2.

Edited March 22, 2012 by dan_wtf

Zaoane · March 22, 2012

pyth0n3 : La fel, nici o schimbare

dan_wtf : Voi incerca curand si varianta propusa de tine.

Multumesc amandurora de sfaturi.

pyth0n3 · March 22, 2012

Sa clarificam 2 lucruri

GRUB V1 foloseste menu.lst ca fisier de configurare , totul se va concentra asupra acestui fisier.

GRUB V2 foloseste grub.cfg ca fisier de configurare , daca ruleaza V2 totul se concentra asupra acestui fisier

Din cate am inteles ai facut downgrade de la GRUB V2 -> GRUB V1

GRUB V1 care citeste din menu.lst nu reuseste sa creeze un menu pentru windows si aici pot fi diverse probleme

Lucrurile stau cam asa

1.GRUB V1 nu citeste noile directive introduse in fisiereul de configurare

2.GRUB V1 nu da nici o erroare cand fisierul vine modificat

3.GRUB V1 mentine in memorie aceleasi directive

Va trebui sa iei o decizie si sa pui totul cum a fost initial:

1. Reinstalezi GRUB V2

2. Elimini GRUB V1

3. O data instalat GRUB V2 , comandul os-probe va aranja in mod automat toate directivele in fisierul de configurare si pana aici sper sa fie clar.

4. Vei avea un sistem multiboot , windows va fi recunoscut de catre GRUB V2

5.Daca sistemul functioneaza iei o decizie

Pana aici totul ok.

Acum ca ai pus totul la loc si functioneaza , pune o intrebare in legatura cu ceea ce vrei sa faci, da detalii , vei avea un raspuns care te va ajuta sa rezolvi problema.Nu poti face 100 de incercari si eu nu pot sa iti dau un raspuns concret deoarece tu modifici orice si nu reusesc sa inteleg in ce stare este sistemul tau.Modificarile se fac doar daca stii sigur ce se intampla, iar daca vrei sa faci teste asta e parte 2 .Daca nu am date concrete eu nu voi putea sa iti fiu de ajutor.Cum am mai spus eu nu ma bazez pe incercari deoarece stiu deja cum functioneaza sistemul , am avut ocazia sa intalnesc aceste errori si imi este foarte clar totul.

Zaoane · March 22, 2012

In cele din urma am reinstalat GRUB2 urmarind tutorialul de aci : Reinstall grub2 from LiveCD - Linux Mint Community

Am folosit Live CD de Backtrack si comenzile scrise in tutorial, reboot si Grub2 Loader este ca si la inceput, adica arata toate SO-urile de pe HDD.

Nu am reusit sa dau jos GRUB1, dar daca merge asa eu sunt multumit.

Inversarea SO-urilor in loader sa inteleg ca se face din grub.cfg?

Mersi frumos de ajutor

pyth0n3 · March 22, 2012

Chiar daca tu modifici fisierul /boot/grub/grub.cfg modififarile pe care le faci vor fi rescrise, acest fisier nu trebuie modificat ,spune foarte clar la inceput

# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#

Daca ruleaza GRUB V2 :

Inainte sa faci vreo prostie din nou , ruleaza urmatoarea linie de cod la tine in terminal si vezi daca pozitia windows-ului a fost schimbata in menu


sudo sed -i'.bak' 's/GRUB_DEFAULT=0/GRUB_DEFAULT=4/'  /etc/default/grub && sudo update-grub

Edited March 22, 2012 by pyth0n3

Zaoane · March 23, 2012

Versiunea de grub afisata este GRUB 1.99

La rularea comenzii data de tine primesc eroarea:

sed: can't read /etc/default/grub :No such file or directory

In /etc/default nu exista grub.

Legat de grub in default exista doar un grub.ucf-dist

pyth0n3 · March 23, 2012

Din pacate nomenclatura fisierelor nu mai apartine unui standard si distributiile Linux incep sa devina comerciale in acelasi timp de 2 lei pentru a atrage user Windows.Oricum userii windows ar trebui sa fie mandri de sistemul pe care le-a oferit Microsoft fara sa fac dual-boot.Oricum

Ar fi trebuit sa existe /etc/default/grub , dar grub.ucf-dist ia luat locul in Ubuntu. Un linux pur ar trebui sa mentina /etc/default/grub.

Ruleaza urmatorul comand:


sudo sed -i'.bak' 's/GRUB_DEFAULT=0/GRUB_DEFAULT=4/'  /etc/default/grub.ucf-dist && sudo update-grub

Posteaza oricum fisierul grub.ucf-dist

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